保護您的加密貨幣資產是不可妥協的。面對帳號被盜和網路釣魚等威脅的猖獗，傳統密碼已成為一個弱點。作為加密貨幣交易領域的領導者，Coinbase 已採用 通行密鑰 (Passkeys) 作為其尖端的安全防禦措施。

本指南將解釋 Coinbase 通行密鑰背後的技術、闡述它為何能極大地提升您的安全態勢，並詳細說明設定所需的步驟。

什麼是 Coinbase 通行密鑰？

通行密鑰是一種新一代的數位憑證，遠比標準密碼安全。您的裝置（例如手機或筆記型電腦）會為您管理一個獨特的、秘密的加密金鑰，您無需再輸入一串複雜的字元。這個金鑰本質上可抵禦網路釣魚，且非常安全。

當您設定通行密鑰時，您的裝置會生成一對金鑰：一個提供給 Coinbase 的公鑰（即鎖頭），和一個安全且隱藏儲存在您裝置上的私鑰（即唯一的開鎖器）。登入時，您只需使用生物識別技術（臉部掃描或指紋）授權裝置生成一次性簽名，即時證明您的身份。Coinbase 通行密鑰就是將這種強大、無縫且受生物識別保護的登入技術直接應用於您的帳戶，有效地取代了您的傳統密碼。

為何通行密鑰對加密安全至關重要

處理不可逆的加密交易時，安全至上。通行密鑰是一項關鍵升級，因為它能立即消除帳戶被盜的最常見途徑：

• 卓越的網路釣魚抵抗力： 通行密鑰在加密上綁定到合法的 Coinbase 域名。假網站無法欺騙您的裝置釋放通行密鑰，從而徹底阻止絕大多數的網路釣魚攻擊。
• 消除憑證重複使用： 由於每個通行密鑰對 Coinbase 都是獨一無二的，攻擊者無法使用從其他資料外洩事件中竊取的密碼來存取您的 Coinbase 帳戶。
• 生物識別的簡便性： 登入過程變得更簡單、更快速，在不犧牲頂級安全性的前提下提升了使用者體驗。

實施的細微差別與挑戰

儘管通行密鑰益處良多，但目前的實施仍存在一些獨特的使用者體驗 (UX) 挑戰：

• Coinbase 仍然要求在設定和登入過程中，通行密鑰必須與雙因素驗證 (2FA) 同時使用，這增加了一個步驟。
• 在行動平台（Android/iOS）上，體驗依賴於非原生瀏覽器視圖（Chrome Custom Tab / SFSafariViewController），感覺不如真正的原生應用程式整合流暢。
• 有報告指出在 Windows 11 搭配 Chrome 瀏覽器時，單一裝置通行密鑰的創建可能存在問題，這可能導致一些 Windows 使用者被排除在無縫設定之外，這很可能是由於該平台上的帳戶復原複雜性所致。

如何設定您的 Coinbase 通行密鑰

設定過程由 Coinbase 的提示引導，但這裡是網頁和行動環境的概覽：

網頁瀏覽器設定

1. 登入您的 Coinbase 帳戶，並導航至安全設定。
2. 選擇2FA 設定標籤。
3. 在「可用方法」部分下找到並選擇通行密鑰選項。
4. 選擇新增通行密鑰，並按照瀏覽器的提示完成創建。

行動應用程式設定

1. 登入 Coinbase 應用程式。
2. 導航至應用程式左上角的9 點按鈕，然後選擇個人資料與設定。
3. 選擇安全標籤，然後選擇更改安全設定。
4. 選擇升級您的雙因素驗證，然後選擇通行密鑰。
5. 按照提示，使用您的裝置生物識別技術（指紋或臉部掃描）來創建並儲存通行密鑰。

管理 Coinbase 通行密鑰的最佳實踐

通行密鑰將安全責任轉移到使用者身上，因此需要新的安全習慣，尤其是在復原方面：

• 啟用雲端同步： 當出現提示時，將您的主要 Coinbase.com 登入通行密鑰儲存到雲端供應商（例如 Google 或 iCloud）。這會同步金鑰，確保即使您遺失了原始裝置也能復原帳戶。
• 了解錢包風險： Coinbase 智能錢包的通行密鑰本質上不同——它取代了您的 12 個助記詞。如果您沒有備用復原金鑰，刪除此通行密鑰將導致您的資金永久丟失。這裡的風險無限高。
• 使用跨平台管理器： 內建管理器（Apple、Google）會在不同生態系統之間創建數據孤島。為了實現真正的跨平台控制，一個專門的通行密鑰管理器至關重要。

Privileged Access Management (PAM) is a security solution designed to protect a business by monitoring, detecting, and preventing unauthorized access to its most critical resources. The main objective of PAM is to ensure that individuals are granted only the minimum level of access required to perform their jobs, which significantly helps in preventing data breaches.

What is a Privileged Account?

A privileged account is any account that has more permissions and access rights than a standard user account. These accounts can take several forms, including:

• Superuser accounts: These accounts, such as ‘root’ on Linux or ‘Administrator’ on Windows, have virtually unrestricted access to the system.
• Domain administrator accounts: These accounts possess the highest level of control across an entire network domain.
• Local administrator accounts: These provide full control over a specific server or workstation.
• Application administrator accounts: These are used to manage specific software and its associated data.
• Business privileged user accounts: These accounts grant high-level access based on a person’s specific job function, such as roles in finance or human resources.
• Emergency accounts: Also known as ‘break-glass’ accounts, they provide temporary administrator access during a crisis or disaster.

The Core Principles of PAM

An effective Privileged Access Management strategy is built on three fundamental principles:

1. Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP): This is the cornerstone of a robust security strategy. It dictates that users and systems should only be given the bare minimum access they need to perform their duties.
2. Just-in-Time (JIT) access: This principle eliminates the need for users to have powerful permissions around the clock. Instead, elevated access is granted on-demand for a specific task and a limited time, and is automatically revoked once the task is complete.
3. Continuous monitoring and auditing: This involves privileged session management (PSM), which actively monitors, records, and controls all activity that occurs during a privileged session. This creates a clear, unalterable audit trail for accountability and investigation.

Why is PAM Important?

Implementing a PAM solution is a crucial business decision that provides benefits in three key areas:

• Mitigating cyber risks: PAM prevents unauthorized parties from gaining elevated access, halting lateral movement in a network during a breach, and neutralizing ransomware attacks by starving malware of the access it needs to spread. It also helps manage insider threats by limiting employee access to only what is required for their jobs.
• Achieving regulatory compliance: Many regulations, such as SOX, HIPAA, and PCI DSS, require proof of effective security measures. PAM solutions provide detailed session logs and audit trails that serve as concrete evidence for auditors.
• Improving operational efficiency: PAM solutions automate the manual, time-consuming tasks of managing privileged credentials, offering a centralized platform for password management, and streamlining the process of granting and revoking permissions.

PAM and Other Security Solutions

It’s important to understand how PAM fits into the broader cybersecurity landscape:

• Identity and Access Management (IAM): This is the broadest category, managing the rights of every user in an organization. PAM and PIM (Privileged Identity Management) are more focused solutions that operate within the IAM framework.
• Privileged Identity Management (PIM): PIM focuses on the user identity itself, managing the lifecycle of privileged user accounts and their permissions.
• Privileged Access Management (PAM): PAM, on the other hand, focuses on controlling and monitoring access to critical resources and securing the connection to sensitive systems and data. You can think of PIM as securing the “who,” while PAM secures the “what” and “how.”

Key Features of PAM Software

An effective PAM solution should include:

• Secure vaulting and password management: A centralized digital safe for all privileged credentials.
• Session management and monitoring: The ability to monitor, record, and terminate suspicious sessions in real time, creating an unalterable record for investigations.
• Access control and elevation: Granular control to enforce the principle of least privilege, allowing users to request temporary, elevated permissions only when needed.
• Multi-factor authentication (MFA): A non-negotiable security layer that ensures accounts remain secure even if a password is stolen.

Best Practices for Implementing PAM

A successful PAM implementation requires a thoughtful strategy, including:

• Implementing least privilege access and a zero-trust model.
• Using strong authentication, with MFA on every privileged account.
• Monitoring and auditing all activities through session management features.
• Controlling the credentials lifecycle with unique, strong passwords stored in an encrypted vault.
• Educating users on the importance of these security controls.

How NordPass Can Help

NordPass can be a valuable tool for building a PAM suite, assisting organizations with their credential management challenges. With NordPass, you can:

• Securely store, share, and manage credentials in an encrypted vault using the XChaCha20 encryption algorithm.
• Manage access rights for individuals and groups.
• Set company-wide password rules and provide tools for generating and storing strong passwords.
• Strengthen authentication by requiring MFA and integrating with existing SSO providers.
• Monitor login activity in real-time with detailed audit logs.