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預防勒索軟體攻擊和保護企業的十大最佳實踐

主動防禦勒索軟體是組織用來保護其數據、營運和聲譽的最關鍵措施。隨著這種複雜的惡意軟件不斷發展,並利用各行各業的目標,強化網絡安全防禦和關閉常見的入口點是勢在必行。本全面指南詳細介紹了勒索軟體的機制、傳播途徑以及十項可行的、經證實的強大預防策略。

勒索軟體:定義與現代戰術

勒索軟體是一種惡意軟件,它會滲透設備或網絡,加密關鍵文件,並阻止存取,直到攻擊者要求支付贖金——通常以加密貨幣支付。現代變體更加危險:在 2025 年,41% 的勒索軟體家族利用 AI 工具實現自動化網路釣魚和自適應負載。

此外,Check Point 2025 年第二季度的報告顯示,網路犯罪分子通常採用雙重勒索(加密文件加上竊取數據),而近三分之一的重大事件涉及三重勒索(增加威脅,例如 DDoS 攻擊或公開數據洩露)。組織必須更新防禦措施,以跟上這些複雜、快速變化的操作。

勒索軟體事件的真實成本

勒索軟體攻擊造成的後果遠遠超出了贖金本身。財務損失是毀滅性的。根據 Sophos 2024 年的報告,單次勒索軟體攻擊的平均復原成本在近年來激增了 50%,達到 254 萬美元。

隱藏成本: 除了贖金之外,組織還面臨數週的部分停運、收入損失和嚴重的聲譽損害。例如,61% 的中型製造業公司支付的贖金在 50 萬至 100 萬美元之間,但事件發生後的鑑證、系統重建和法律費用佔了總成本的大部分。

透過 MFA、分段和安全備份等措施進行預防,比從單一事件中復原更具成本效益,潛在地為組織節省數百萬美元。

勒索軟體如何滲透您的網絡(感染媒介)

勒索軟體通常透過以下高風險途徑之一利用組織網絡:

  • 惡意電子郵件和網路釣魚: 用戶打開偽裝成來自受信任供應商或同事的發票、出貨通知或內部文件等合法文檔的有害文件(例如,惡意 PDF 或巨集)。
  • 社交工程: 威脅行為者利用緊迫性、恐懼或冒充等心理策略,操縱員工共享登入憑證或授予存取權限。
  • 利用未修補的漏洞: 攻擊者掃描網路中過時操作系統或應用程式中的已知漏洞,以最小的努力獲得遠端代碼執行權限。
  • 薄弱的遠端存取(RDP/VPN): 配置不當的 RDP 或 VPN 服務(通常缺乏 MFA)會被暴力破解或憑證填充,以獲得初步的網絡立足點。
  • 駕車式下載: 僅僅訪問一個受損網站就可能觸發勒索軟體的隱形安裝或利用套件,使用者無需點擊或下載任何東西。
  • 憑證竊取: 攻擊者通過惡意軟體或第三方洩露竊取有效憑證,繞過周邊防禦,廣泛部署勒索軟體。

預防勒索軟體攻擊的 10 個經證實的策略

透過這些經證實的最佳實踐來強化您的防禦:

  • 1. 強制實施多重因素驗證 (MFA): 最簡單且最有效的預防方法。MFA 確保即使密碼被盜,攻擊者也無法獲得對關鍵系統的未經授權存取。
  • 2. 使用 ZTNA 保護遠端存取: 用 零信任網絡存取 (ZTNA) 或安全的商用 VPN 取代廣泛的 VPN 存取,以驗證身份並將存取限制在所需的最低資源。NordLayer 支援這一關鍵防禦。
  • 3. 安全備份數據(3-2-1 規則): 維護三份數據副本,使用兩種不同類型的存儲介質,其中一份為異地或不可變備份。這是對抗支付贖金的終極防線。
  • 4. 保持軟件和系統修補更新: 實施自動化修補管理,並優先處理關鍵漏洞(CVSS 8+)的更新,以關閉攻擊者積極利用的已知安全漏洞。
  • 5. 實施網絡分段: 將關鍵系統和敏感數據隔離到單獨的網絡區域。這可以防止勒索軟體在一個端點被攻破時,橫向傳播到整個網絡。
  • 6. 對員工進行安全意識培訓: 人為錯誤是感染的主要原因。對員工進行持續培訓,識別網路釣魚、社交工程策略和報告可疑活動。
  • 7. 部署進階威脅防護 (ATP): 使用超越基本防病毒的工具,能夠偵測複雜惡意軟件、命令與控制活動以及在執行前的異常文件行為。
  • 8. 實施強大的密碼策略: 強制使用長、獨特的密碼,並結合 MFA,以限制攻擊者猜測或暴力破解帳戶的能力。使用密碼管理器輔助合規。
  • 9. 使用強大的電子郵件安全過濾器: 透過部署強大的過濾、附件掃描、惡意 URL 偵測和 DMARC/SPF/DKIM 策略,從源頭阻止網路釣魚嘗試。
  • 10. 定期進行安全稽核: 進行定期稽核和滲透測試,以在網路犯罪分子發現漏洞之前,主動識別弱點、不安全的配置和有風險的存取權限。

NordLayer 如何幫助您預防勒索軟體攻擊

NordLayer 提供必要的工具,透過統一的 ZTNA 方法,幫助減少勒索軟體風險並強化整體安全性:

  • ZTNA 實施: 透過商用 VPN 啟用安全、加密的遠端存取,確保只有經過批准和合規的設備可以連線。
  • 網絡分段與控制: 使用雲防火牆和存取控制來分段網絡,並嚴格限制橫向移動。
  • 威脅阻擋: 使用 DNS 過濾和下載保護功能,阻擋對惡意網站的存取,並偵測下載中的惡意軟件。
  • 策略執行: 在所有設備和位置上執行一致的存取策略並驗證用戶身份。

關於 NordLayer
NordLayer 是現代企業的自適應性網絡存取安全解決方案,來自世界上其中一個最值得信賴的網絡安全品牌 Nord Security。致力於幫助 CEO、CIO 和 IT 管理員輕鬆應對網絡擴展和安全挑戰。NordLayer 與零信任網絡存取(ZTNA)和安全服務邊緣(SSE)原則保持一致,是一個無需硬件的解決方案,保護公司企業免受現代網絡威脅。通過 NordLayer,各種規模的公司企業都可以在不需要深入專業技術知識的情況下保護他們的團隊和網絡,它易於部署、管理和擴展。

關於Version 2

Version 2 Digital 是立足亞洲的增值代理商及IT開發者。公司在網絡安全、雲端、數據保護、終端設備、基礎設施、系統監控、存儲、網絡管理、商業生產力和通信產品等各個領域代理發展各種 IT 產品。透過公司龐大的網絡、通路、銷售點、分銷商及合作夥伴,Version 2 提供廣被市場讚賞的產品及服務。Version 2 的銷售網絡包括台灣、香港、澳門、中國大陸、新加坡、馬來西亞等各亞太地區,客戶來自各行各業,包括全球 1000 大跨國企業、上市公司、公用事業、醫療、金融、教育機構、政府部門、無數成功的中小企及來自亞洲各城市的消費市場客戶。

Network Security Monitoring as a Service (NSMaaS): Enterprise Visibility Without the Overhead

Until recently, achieving full network visibility was a privilege reserved for large enterprises. Advanced monitoring required significant capital investment, specialized security teams, and lengthy deployment cycles. Today, IT teams, particularly those across Europe, face heightened complexity, limited staff, and growing regulatory pressures. The threat landscape is constant, but the ability to manage it varies widely.

Making Enterprise Visibility Accessible

Managed monitoring changes the operational equation for organizations that cannot afford a dedicated 24/7 Security Operations Center (SOC). It provides many benefits similar to SOC as a Service (SOCaaS) but avoids the complexity and infrastructure burden of building a full security function internally.

With technologies like GREYCORTEX Mendel (a Network Detection and Response, or NDR, solution), providers can offer the same depth of insight previously only accessible to major corporations.

The core value is simple: organizations finally gain clarity into what is happening inside their network. They can spot misconfigurations, detect unauthorized connections, and notice the early signs of malicious activity. For many, this is the first time they can verify whether their segmentation and firewall rules are effective against real-world traffic.

How Service-Based Monitoring Works in Practice

This model is exemplified by partners like SOC360 in Poland. They combine Mendel’s deep visibility with their own expert monitoring and response processes, providing predictable costs, quick deployment, and continuous expert oversight.

Key Components of a Managed NDR Service:

  • ✅ Continuous network and log monitoring, providing a constant pulse on system health.
  • ✅ Detection of hidden threats, unauthorized access attempts, and policy violations using behavioral analysis.
  • ✅ Investigation support using historical metadata and full-context analytics for rapid root cause analysis.
  • ✅ Monthly reporting and guidance with clear, actionable recommendations for IT teams.

For many organizations, this replaces reliance on assumptions and isolated alerts with insights supported by data and clear recommendations.

Scaling Up: Visibility for Mature Security Teams

For larger organizations that maintain their own SOC, the approach shifts. Instead of outsourcing, they integrate GREYCORTEX Mendel directly into their environment. In these setups, deep network visibility becomes a powerful analytical advantage.

In-house SOC teams gain a clear view of device communication, user behavior, and performance trends over time. Crucially, they access historical data that traditional log-centric tools often cannot provide. This depth speeds up investigations, reduces noise, and helps analysts understand not only that something happened, but also how and why it occurred.

Conclusion: Visibility That Fits Any Security Maturity

Network security monitoring proves that meaningful visibility is no longer limited by the size of your security team. Smaller companies gain critical clarity without building a SOC, while mature environments enhance their detection and investigation workflows through deeper network context.

GREYCORTEX Mendel supports both needs: it enables providers to deliver reliable monitoring as a service, and it gives enterprise SOCs the analytical depth required to manage complex infrastructures. The objective remains the same: reduce uncertainty, speed up response, and create a network environment where hidden activity is harder to ignore.

 

About GREYCORTEX
GREYCORTEX uses advanced artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data mining methods to help organizations make their IT operations secure and reliable.

MENDEL, GREYCORTEX’s network traffic analysis solution, helps corporations, governments, and the critical infrastructure sector protect their futures by detecting cyber threats to sensitive data, networks, trade secrets, and reputations, which other network security products miss.

MENDEL is based on 10 years of extensive academic research and is designed using the same technology which was successful in four US-based NIST Challenges.

About Version 2 Digital

Version 2 Digital is one of the most dynamic IT companies in Asia. The company distributes a wide range of IT products across various areas including cyber security, cloud, data protection, end points, infrastructures, system monitoring, storage, networking, business productivity and communication products.

Through an extensive network of channels, point of sales, resellers, and partnership companies, Version 2 offers quality products and services which are highly acclaimed in the market. Its customers cover a wide spectrum which include Global 1000 enterprises, regional listed companies, different vertical industries, public utilities, Government, a vast number of successful SMEs, and consumers in various Asian cities.

IT Operations Management (ITOM): The Silent Backbone

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