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Cloud application security guide

In the modern economy, around 75% of workloads have migrated to the cloud. Millions of workers use the cloud daily to send messages, develop code, and manage customer relationships. Cloud computing is convenient, flexible, and cost-effective. But relying on the cloud brings security risks.

Unsecured apps are vulnerable to external attacks, data loss, and infrastructure damage. One unprotected app can cause an enterprise-wide data breach. Fortunately, there are many ways to strengthen cloud security and make application usage safe.

This blog will explore cloud app security and the threats users face. You should find everything you need to know when securing critical cloud assets.

What Is cloud application security?

Cloud application security is a set of tools, policies, and procedures that protect information passing across a cloud environment. The aim is to:

  • Create a secure environment and protect data on all cloud apps

  • Manage cyber threats

  • Prevent unauthorized access to cloud resources

  • Ensure the availability of critical assets

Cloud application security covers popular platforms like Amazon AWS, Google, and Microsoft Azure. It also extends to individual SaaS apps hosted on cloud platforms. Collaboration tools like Slack or Zoom require specific security solutions. The same applies to cloud-hosted business tools like Salesforce or data storage services.

Do you need cloud application security?

Yes. Legacy network security tools cannot properly protect cloud assets. VPNs and firewalls can protect locally-hosted data and applications. But cloud apps are hosted by third parties. Users can access them from virtually anywhere via a huge range of devices.

Attack surfaces have become more complex as cloud apps have proliferated. Cloud endpoints cannot be secured by locally-managed hardware or encrypted network connections. Older tech plays a role, but new application security approaches are essential.

Cloud application security threats

The first step in securing a cloud environment is understanding critical security threats. Here are some of the most important cloud application security risks to factor into security planning.

  • Misconfigured cloud apps – Gartner reports that as many as 99% of cloud security issues are due to client error. Cloud deployments are complex, and teams must manage a range of application configurations. Every SaaS app requires access controls and processes to guard against shadow IT. Getting app configurations right is essential.

  • Account hijacking – Malicious attackers can hijack user accounts and infiltrate cloud-hosted apps. Account hijacking tends to result from poor password hygiene and credential exposure. Security teams must enforce strong password policies. Password managers make life easier for workers. Encryption keeps credentials private and secure.

  • Phishing – Phishers persuade employees to provide access credentials. They may also entice users to click links that harvest private data. Security teams must train all staff and enforce responsible behavior.

  • Automated attacks – Attackers may find vulnerabilities via scanning agents. Botnets target poorly secured cloud apps, taking down cloud resources via denial-of-service attacks.

  • Buggy APIs – APIs connect cloud applications and users. They need to be secure at all times. The problem with APIs is that they are both feature and data-rich. One compromised feature could expose data inside the app for outsiders to harvest.

  • Physical security – Cloud applications rest on physical hardware somewhere in the world. Cloud providers must protect hardware against theft and take measures to handle fire, extreme weather, and other sources of damage.

  • Inadvertent data loss – Staff can accidentally delete data, change it irreversibly, or lose encryption keys. This places intact data out of reach. A comprehensive data backup strategy is essential.Cloud application security threats diagram

Cloud application security best practices

Failure to deal with cloud security vulnerabilities can have serious consequences. Let’s explore some app security best practices to lock down critical assets.

1. Understand the threat surface

Robust cloud application security rests upon strong visibility. Total awareness of cloud workloads and device connections puts you in a good position to apply controls.

Create and maintain inventories of connected cloud apps. This inventory will form the basis for security measures later on. Trim the inventory regularly to remove any unneeded cloud apps. Try to keep the threat surface as small as possible.

2. Deploy identity and access management (IAM)

Every cloud application is vulnerable to credential theft. Enterprises must establish complete control over who accesses cloud apps. They must also define and manage user privileges.

Cloud-native IAM tools manage access by authenticating log-in requests. They compare login credentials with secure directories and ensure that only authentic users gain access. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) adds another set of time-limited and unique credentials.

After admitting users, IAM systems authorize their privileges. Privileges allow users to carry out core workloads and restrict access to other applications.

Developers can access the tools they need. Sales teams can access CRM databases and marketing assets. Every role is limited, but workers are free to carry out their duties.

Additionally, IAM applies Single Sign On. SSO creates a single point of entry to cloud resources. One cloud-based application provides access to all apps. There is no need to secure multiple cloud endpoints.

More advanced IAM tools actively check for unsafe credential storage. They alert security teams if staff store credentials digitally or share information insecurely. All these features enhance the safety of cloud applications.

3. Create a cloud application security strategy

Companies need cloud application security. This strategy should specify how to access cloud apps safely and how user identities are verified. Users should know what they need to do and what threat mitigation controls are in place.

Looking beyond security policies, security teams should have a clear plan to secure data on all cloud applications. This can be visualized on three levels to cover vulnerabilities:

  • Platforms. Cloud infrastructure underlying can include exposed data files. If companies develop cloud infrastructure in-house, security staff must focus on correctly configuring platforms. Encrypting all data is advisable.

  • Databases. Secure cloud databases with appropriate encryption and access controls. Assess the right authorization levels for every role. Workers should only have access to relevant data. All other information should be out of reach.

  • Applications. Secure the attack surface by extending IAM to all applications. Check API configurations, and use any threat detection systems provided by app developers. Set up automated notifications about unusual access requests or network traffic patterns.

4. Use automated security testing

Testing is a critical aspect of cloud app security. It may be too late to detect and mitigate vulnerabilities when cloud apps go live. Instead, companies should switch from standard DevOps to DevSecOps (Development Security Operations).

DevSecOps includes automated testing systems that assess code during the development phase. Testing during the CI/CD process uncovers weaknesses before hackers have a chance to exploit them.

Testing should extend to open-source code libraries used to build cloud applications. It should also cover data containers and user-provisioned cloud deployments. Every part of the cloud environment is vulnerable.

Testing does not end after app provisioning. Enterprises must continuously test IAM systems to ensure the integrity of IAM processes. They should also test encryption tools. Keys may be exposed or out of date, creating inherent weaknesses.

Automation is vital. You can automate development and post-deployment testing to reduce security workloads and ensure regular results.

5. Focus on password hygiene

Companies need to drive home the importance of password hygiene. Access controls and encryption mean little if employees expose passwords to outsiders.

Stolen or hacked credentials are a major security weakness. Staff must use strong passwords and change them regularly.

SSO helps make this task more manageable as workers handle fewer credentials. Cloud-native password managers also automate password strengthening and password replacement.

6. Employ comprehensive encryption strategies

Exposed data is an easy target for hackers inside cloud perimeters. That’s why encryption is a critical component of cloud app security.

Encryption scrambles data, making it unreadable to anyone without specific encryption keys. There are three main ways to encrypt data on the cloud:

  • Encrypting data at rest secures information stored by enterprises. This could include HR information or financial records. Companies can encrypt files, databases, and even cloud platforms. With more layers covered, hackers will struggle to access confidential data.

  • Encrypting data in transit makes collaboration safer. Data constantly moves throughout cloud environments. Information passes from on-premises networks and remote devices to the cloud. Encrypting data as it moves protects against interception attacks.

  • Encrypting data in use makes using applications safer. Employees may retain workloads in an open state for long periods. This leaves data vulnerable to interception and extraction. The use of encryption and tools like DRM makes in-use data less accessible.

7. Active threat detection

Monitor cloud applications in real-time to detect threats and protect data. User behavior patterns can provide clues about ongoing attacks. Access requests for sensitive files can generate automated alerts.

Security teams can use activity monitoring data to fine-tune privileges management. Monitoring data is also a valuable compliance tool, providing evidence of continuous security management.

8. Regularly patch software and apply system updates

Cloud applications require timely and frequent updates to keep pace with evolving threats. Codebase changes and new services constantly present new vulnerabilities and exploits for hackers to target. Automated scheduled updates neutralize weak spots as they emerge.

9. Proactive privacy and compliance policies

Data privacy is a central part of compliance strategies. Enterprises operating in the cloud face major regulatory challenges, including GDPR, PCI-DSS, or HIPAA compliance. Secure cloud apps to meet relevant compliance standards.

Security teams should build app security audits into their schedule. Check that apps and security controls meet regulatory guidelines. Include the development environment used to provision cloud applications and open-source libraries used by DevOps teams.

Use regulatory requirements as a framework to build effective controls. For instance, PCI-DSS compliance demands data encryption for financial records. HIPAA demands tight identity management and encryption of sensitive information.

Cloud application security best practices full list

Compliance strategies aren’t static. Enterprises should take a proactive approach when securing sensitive data, using regulatory frameworks as guides.

How businesses could secure their cloud applications

Legacy tools like VPNs have security limitations when guarding the cloud. Instead, using security tools that function alongside cloud application APIs is advisable.

IAM and SSO systems are essential components of cloud security strategies alongside data encryption and threat monitoring. Fortunately, you can source solutions that bring together core app security functions.

The two major options here are proxy or API-integrated Cloud Access Security Brokers (CASBs):

  • Proxy CASBs route traffic through a separate proxy between user devices and cloud apps. Proxies usually employ HTTP and can intervene with traffic passing through cloud endpoints. The CASB applies encryption and tracks anomalies such as suspicious login requests.

  • API-based CASBs do not require an extra layer of routing. These CASBs are built into cloud apps instead. This has many potential benefits, as well as some drawbacks.

Benefits of API-based CASBs include:

  • Improved speed – There is no need to route traffic via a proxy. This boosts speeds and improves the user experience. Routing large amounts of traffic through a proxy may lead to performance issues as demands grow.

  • Firewall interaction – API CASBs supplement existing network firewalls. They add cloud security features that protect data and monitor activity. Proxy CASBs damage performance by adding another security barrier alongside firewalls.

  • Easy upgrades – Users must update CASBs as applications evolve. App developers often add or exchange protocols and authentication systems. But developers do not routinely alert CASB developers about needed upgrades. API-based tools are easier to patch as apps change. Over time, cloud apps will leave proxy CASBs behind.

  • Better security – Proxy-based CASBs break TLS sessions to access the HTTP stream. They then reconstruct TLS protection to complete cloud access. Users trust their CASB to restore TLS sessions safely and reliably. This weak point can compromise the security of cloud deployments.

Major cloud computing providers like Google and Amazon recommend API-embedded CASBs where possible. This makes perfect sense in a fast-changing cloud application environment.

However, API-based CASBs may not work with all SaaS deployments. CASBs are often compatible with most but not all APIs. This can add complexity to cloud security architecture. Proxy CASBs can operate across different APIs, resulting in simple solutions.

Enterprises also need to be aware of problems surrounding CASBs. For instance, cloud infrastructure providers rarely inform CASB developers about platform alterations that cause security issues. Cloud platforms can change quickly. CASB vendors need to keep up with changes and plug any security holes.

This issue affects proxy CASBs more than API-based versions. API-based brokers integrate closely with apps. App developers tend to flag any API changes for CASB developers. As a result, patches appear in a more timely manner. Users can expect stronger security.

The shared security responsibility model

Before implementing cloud application security best practices, bring the shared responsibility model into the picture.

In cloud environments, cloud providers and users share responsibility for security. Responsibility levels depend upon your cloud computing setup and your choice of a cloud service provider.

Generally speaking, cloud providers like AWS or Microsoft Azure assume responsibility for protecting:

  • The infrastructure stack (including hosts and data centers)

  • Software required to host cloud applications and data

  • Networking infrastructure connecting cloud apps

Clients must handle everything else. Responsibilities vary according to whether you choose IaaaS, PaaS, or SaaS deployments.

  • IaaS – Infrastructure-as-a-service users have the widest responsibilities. Users must protect apps and data, as well as infrastructure. This includes middleware and can include the cloud operating system.

  • PaaS – Platform-as-a-service users must protect any infrastructure they maintain, including apps and data hosted by their service provider. Any proprietary apps hosted by third parties remain your responsibility.

  • SaaS – Software-as-a-service users are responsible for data stored or processed by cloud applications. The main security risks relating to SaaS applications are access management and encrypting sensitive data.

shared cloud security responsibility model diagram

Shared responsibility model in practice

Getting the balance right when applying the shared responsibility model is all-important. A good starting point is assessing every cloud application.

It is critical to define the responsibilities of users and providers for each application. Be clear about internal security controls and what your provider offers. Write a clear description of who is responsible for securing each asset and how to ensure data security.

Regardless of the cloud model in use, users are always responsible for:

  • Securing on-premises and remote access endpoints

  • Protecting data flowing through cloud resources

  • Managing access to cloud applications.

Bring operations and security teams together. Developers need to provision cloud services flexibly and quickly. Security teams must advise about how to calibrate those services safely.

However, cloud users aren’t alone. Cloud service providers realize the complexity involved in managing cloud application security threats.

Providers usually offer user controls within APIs to secure their apps. They may also offer monitoring and threat management functions. Always investigate and use available cloud-native security tools.

Enterprises can also request audit information from providers. This should include details about their security strategy. Compare the material provided with your service terms to ensure providers meet their obligations.

Cloud application security assessment checklist

Before we finish, here is a quick checklist of critical cloud application security measures:

1. Create robust security policies covering all cloud apps. Take into account private, public and multi-cloud environments. Consider how to secure remote workers. Include processes to onboard and off-board employees. And put plans in place to detect and mitigate data breaches.

2. Implement IAM for the cloud. Ensure users have the correct privileges. Keep in mind Zero Trust concepts and the principle of least privilege. Combine cloud apps with SSO and add an extra protective screen with MFA.

3. Train staff in cloud security awareness. Make sure staff is aware of data storage and password policies. Train workers in secure cloud application usage and ways to share data safely. Focus on the threat posed by phishing attacks.

4. Deploy cloud security controls. Protect endpoints with encryption and CASBs. For instance, cloud-specific controls like disabling SSH and SQL Server access guard against brute force attacks.

5. Check application configurations. Poorly configured cloud apps are a critical security threat. Enforce API protection policies to configure apps properly. Focus on potential malware injection sites to neutralize common external attacks.

6. Put backups in place. Store sensitive data and workloads on separate cloud servers. Backup server files to ensure smooth disaster recovery. Carry out regular restoration tests to make sure data is recoverable.

7. Update software when needed. Use automated patch management to update cloud applications and deliver patches to all worker devices. Test updates when possible before deployment.

8. Track threats and log incidents. Use automated threat scanning and activity logging. Cloud logging tools can organize and analyze complex data. Use this data to improve your security posture and provide evidence of compliance.

9. Apply data security policies. Put in place policies to encrypt data at rest, in transit, and in use. Check encryption keys are used safely, preventing exposure to external attackers.

How can NordLayer help?

Follow our cloud application security checklist and best practices to secure cloud environments. With the correct controls, enterprises can take advantage of cloud computing. Sound app security measures reduce costs and cut data loss risks.

NordLayer offers cloud security solutions for all digital businesses. Install IAM, MFA, and SSO to control cloud access and reduce the attack surface. Create encrypted connections between remote workers and cloud portals. And integrate client-side security controls with tools provided by CSPs.

Find a route to ironclad cloud security. Get in touch and discuss your security options today.

About Version 2 Digital

Version 2 Digital is one of the most dynamic IT companies in Asia. The company distributes a wide range of IT products across various areas including cyber security, cloud, data protection, end points, infrastructures, system monitoring, storage, networking, business productivity and communication products.

Through an extensive network of channels, point of sales, resellers, and partnership companies, Version 2 offers quality products and services which are highly acclaimed in the market. Its customers cover a wide spectrum which include Global 1000 enterprises, regional listed companies, different vertical industries, public utilities, Government, a vast number of successful SMEs, and consumers in various Asian cities.

These days, cybercrime is rampant. It’s no longer a matter of “if” you’re going to suffer an attack but “when” it will happen. All companies want to be ready for any crisis. And this is where a business continuity plan comes into play.

But what is a business continuity plan exactly? Why is it important? What should one include? Today, we’re exploring all these questions in-depth.

What is a business continuity plan?

A business continuity plan (BCP) is a document that sets guidelines for how an organization will continue its operations in the event of a disruption, whether it’s a fire, flood, other natural disaster or a cybersecurity incident. A BCP aims to help organizations resume operations without significant downtime.

Unfortunately, according to a 2020 Mercer survey, 51% of businesses across the globe don’t have a business continuity plan in place.

What’s the difference between business continuity and disaster recovery plans?

We often confuse the terms business continuity plan and disaster recovery plan. The two overlap and often work together, but the disaster recovery plan focuses on containing, examining, and restoring operations after a cyber incident. On the other hand, BCP is a broader concept that considers the whole organization. A business continuity plan helps organizations stay prepared for dealing with a potential crisis and usually encompasses a disaster recovery plan.

Importance of business continuity planning

The number of news headlines announcing data breaches has numbed us to the fact that cybercrime is very real and frequent and poses an existential risk to companies of all sizes and industries.

Consider that in 2021, approximately 37% of global organizations fell victim to a ransomware attack. Then consider that business interruption and restoration costs account for 50% of cyberattack-related losses. Finally, take into account that most cyberattacks are financially motivated and the global cost of cybercrime topped $6 trillion last year. The picture is quite clear — cybercrime is a lucrative venture for bad actors and potentially disastrous for those on the receiving end.

To thrive in these unpredictable times, organizations go beyond conventional security measures. Many companies develop a business continuity plan parallel to secure infrastructure and consider the plan a critical part of the security ecosystem. The Purpose of a business continuity plan is to significantly reduce the downtime in an emergency and, in turn, reduce the potential reputational damage and — of course — revenue losses.

Business continuity plan template

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Business Continuity Plan Example

[Company Name]

[Date]

I. Introduction

  • Purpose of the Plan

  • Scope of the Plan

  • Budget

  • Timeline

The initial stage of developing a business continuity plan starts with a statement of the plan’s purpose, which explains the main objective of the plan, such as ensuring the organization’s ability to continue its operations during and after a disruptive event.

The Scope of the Plan outlines the areas or functions that the plan will cover, including business processes, personnel, equipment, and technology.

The Budget specifies the estimated financial resources required to implement and maintain the BCP. It includes costs related to technology, personnel, equipment, training, and other necessary expenses.

The Timeline provides a detailed schedule for developing, implementing, testing, and updating the BCP.

II. Risk Assessment

  • Identification of Risks

  • Prioritization of Risks

  • Mitigation Strategies

The Risk Assessment section of a Business Continuity Plan (BCP) is an essential part of the plan that identifies potential risks that could disrupt an organization’s critical functions.

The Identification of Risks involves identifying potential threats to the organization, such cybersecurity breaches, supply chain disruptions, power outages, and other potential risks. This step is critical to understand the risks and their potential impact on the organization.

Once the risks have been identified, the Prioritization of Risks follows, which helps determine which risks require the most attention and resources.

The final step in the Risk Assessment section is developing Mitigation Strategies to minimize the impact of identified risks. Mitigation strategies may include preventative measures, such as system redundancies, data backups, cybersecurity measures, as well as response and recovery measures, such as emergency protocols and employee training.

III. Emergency Response

  • Emergency Response Team

  • Communication Plan

  • Emergency Procedures

This section of the plan focuses on immediate actions that should be taken to ensure the safety and well-being of employees and minimize the impact of the event on the organization’s operations.

The Emergency Response Team is responsible for managing the response to an emergency or disaster situation. This team should be composed of individuals who are trained in emergency response procedures and can act quickly and decisively during an emergency. The team should also include a designated leader who is responsible for coordinating the emergency response efforts.

The Communication Plan outlines how information will be disseminated during an emergency situation. It includes contact information for employees, stakeholders, and emergency response personnel, as well as protocols for communicating with these individuals.

The Emergency Procedures detail the steps that should be taken during an emergency or disaster situation. The emergency procedures should be developed based on the potential risks identified in the Risk Assessment section and should be tested regularly to ensure that they are effective.

IV. Business Impact Analysis

The Business Impact Analysis (BIA) section of a Business Continuity Plan (BCP) is a critical step in identifying the potential impact of a disruption to an organization’s critical operations.

The Business Impact Analysis is typically conducted by a team of individuals who understand the organization’s critical functions and can assess the potential impact of a disruption to those functions. The team may include representatives from various departments, including finance, operations, IT, and human resources.

V. Recovery and Restoration

  • Procedures for recovery and restoration of critical processes

  • Prioritization of recovery efforts

  • Establishment of recovery time objectives

The Recovery and Restoration section of a Business Continuity Plan (BCP) outlines the procedures for recovering and restoring critical processes and functions following a disruption.

The Procedures for recovery and restoration of critical processes describe the steps required to restore critical processes and functions following a disruption. This may include steps such as relocating to alternate facilities, restoring data and systems, and re-establishing key business relationships.

The Prioritization section of the plan identifies the order in which critical processes will be restored, based on their importance to the organization’s operations and overall mission.

Recovery time objectives (RTOs) define the maximum amount of time that critical processes and functions can be unavailable following a disruption. Establishing RTOs ensures that recovery efforts are focused on restoring critical functions within a specific timeframe.

VI. Plan Activation

  • Plan Activation Procedures

The Plan Activation section is critical in ensuring that an organization can quickly and effectively activate the plan and respond to a potential emergency.

The Plan Activation Procedures describe the steps required to activate the BCP in response to a disruption. The procedures should be clear and concise, with specific instructions for each step to ensure a prompt and effective response.

VII. Testing and Maintenance

  • Testing Procedures

  • Maintenance Procedures

  • Review and Update Procedures

This section of the plan is critical to ensure that an organization can effectively respond to disruptions and quickly resume its essential functions.

Testing procedures may include scenarios such as natural disasters, cyber-attacks, and other potential risks. The testing procedures should include clear objectives, testing scenarios, roles and responsibilities, and evaluation criteria to assess the effectiveness of the plan.

The Maintenance Procedures detail the steps necessary to keep the BCP up-to-date and relevant.

The Review and Update Procedures describe how the BCP will be reviewed and updated regularly to ensure its continued effectiveness. This may involve conducting a review of the plan on a regular basis or after significant changes to the organization’s operations or threats.

What should a business continuity plan checklist include?

Organizations looking to develop a BCP have more than a few things to think through and consider. Variables such as the size of the organization, its IT infrastructure, personnel, and resources all play a significant role in developing a continuity plan. Remember, each crisis is different, and each organization will have a view on handling it according to all the variables in play. However, all business continuity plans will include a few elements in one way or another.

  • Clearly defined areas of responsibility

    A BCP should define specific roles and responsibilities for cases of emergency. Detail who is responsible for what tasks and clarify what course of action a person in a specific position should take. Clearly defined roles and responsibilities in an emergency event allow you to act quickly and decisively and minimize potential damage.

  • Crisis communication plan

    In an emergency, communication is vital. It is the determining factor when it comes to crisis handling. For communication to be effective, it is critical to establish clear communication pipelines. Furthermore, it is crucial to understand that alternative communication channels should not be overlooked and outlined in a business continuity plan.

  • Recovery teams

    A recovery team is a collective of different professionals who ensure that business operations are restored as soon as possible after the organization confronts a crisis.

  • Alternative site of operations

    Today, when we think of an incident in a business environment, we usually think of something related to cybersecurity. However, as discussed earlier, a BCP covers many possible disasters. In a natural disaster, determine potential alternate sites where the company could continue to operate.

  • Backup power and data backups

    Whether a cyber event or a real-life physical event, ensuring that you have access to power is crucial if you wish to continue operations. In a BCP, you can often come across lists of alternative power sources such as generators, where such tools are located, and who should oversee them. The same applies to data. Regularly scheduled data backups can significantly reduce potential losses incurred by a crisis event.

  • Recovery guidelines

    If a crisis is significant, a comprehensive business continuity plan usually includes detailed guidelines on how the recovery process will be carried out.

Business continuity planning steps

Here are some general guidelines that an organization looking to develop a BCP should consider:

Analysis

A business continuity plan should include an in-depth analysis of everything that could negatively affect the overall organizational infrastructure and operations. Assessing different levels of risk should also be a part of the analysis phase.

Design and development

Once you have a clear overview of potential risks your company could face, start developing a plan. Create a draft and reassess it to see if it takes into account even the smallest of details.

Implementation

Implement BCP within the organization by providing training sessions for the staff to get familiar with the plan. Getting everyone on the same page regarding crisis management is critical.

Testing

Rigorously test the plan. Play out a variety of scenarios in training sessions to learn the overall effectiveness of the continuity plan. By doing so, everyone on the team will be closely familiar with the business continuity plan’s guidelines.

Maintenance and updating

Because the threat landscape constantly changes and evolves, you should regularly reassess your BCP and take steps to update it. By making your continuity plan in tune with the times, you will be able to stay a step ahead of a crisis.

Level up your company’s security with NordPass Business

A comprehensive business continuity plan is vital for the entire organization’s security posture. However, in a perfect world, you wouldn’t have to use it. This is where NordPass Business can help.

Remember, weak, reused, or compromised passwords are often cited as one of the top contributing factors in data breaches. It’s not surprising, considering that an average user has around 100 passwords. Password fatigue is real and significantly affects how people treat their credentials. NordPass Business counters these issues.

With NordPass Business, your team will have a single secure place to store all work-related passwords, credit cards, and other sensitive information. Accessing all the data stored in NordPass is quick and easy, which allows your employees not to be distracted by the task of finding the correct passwords for the correct account.

In cyber incidents, NordPass Business ensures that company credentials remain secure at all times. Everything stored in the NordPass vault is secured with advanced encryption algorithms, which would take hundreds of years to brute force.

If you are interested in learning more about NordPass Business and how it can fortify corporate security, do not hesitate to book a demo with our representative.

 

About Version 2 Digital

Version 2 Digital is one of the most dynamic IT companies in Asia. The company distributes a wide range of IT products across various areas including cyber security, cloud, data protection, end points, infrastructures, system monitoring, storage, networking, business productivity and communication products.

Through an extensive network of channels, point of sales, resellers, and partnership companies, Version 2 offers quality products and services which are highly acclaimed in the market. Its customers cover a wide spectrum which include Global 1000 enterprises, regional listed companies, different vertical industries, public utilities, Government, a vast number of successful SMEs, and consumers in various Asian cities.

About NordPass
NordPass is developed by Nord Security, a company leading the global market of cybersecurity products.

The web has become a chaotic space where safety and trust have been compromised by cybercrime and data protection issues. Therefore, our team has a global mission to shape a more trusted and peaceful online future for people everywhere.

Common Questions During a Tenant-to-Tenant Migration

Tenant-to-tenant migrations are fast becoming the most common type of migration performed due to mergers and acquisitions. CloudM’s Technical Architects, Scott Chuhran and Lloyd Deverick answer some common questions that are asked during a tenant-to-tenant migration.If you would prefer to listen to listen to this blog, please click the audio link below. 1. Can you describe the difference between an On-Premise install and a SaaS solution? With on-premise, the customer owns everything including the network and hardware. This is a quick and easy install. With our SaaS solutions, this is stored in a dedicated VM in Azure cloud and is owned by CloudM. 2. How does CloudM Migrate handle data security between the source and destination? Data is encrypted from the source to the destination, at rest from the source to our server, again across the server, and once more at rest to the destination. 3. What are the endpoint sources we can use for M365 as a destination? Endpoint sources include Google, Microsoft 365, and on-prem exchange. Also included are legacy endpoints such as Lotus Notes, Zimbra, and also IMAP. 4. Can I migrate Google Vault to M365? Our tool allows Google Vault migrations. Enter the query inside the tool and we will pull directly what we get outside of Google and paste it directly into the tenant as we get it from Google. 5. When merging 2 domains into one, how do we handle changing aliases? This is done by uploading a config file with 2 columns in the csv. Every time it reads the word on the source, it will automatically convert to the destination. This works for permissions and email. 6. Can I migrate Google Forms to M365? Yes, the form is taken out of Google and we capture answers, questions, and permissions. This is made into a cell spreadsheet and put into the Microsoft Tenant with all the data. 7. Can you explain the shrinking mailbox feature? Simply, we can select a maximum item size and anything that is over this will be stripped out of the email and added to OneDrive. A link will be provided to the user with the item’s OneDrive destination. 8. How is Microsoft Teams content from M365 migrated during a tenant-to-tenant migration? There are two elements to this as it differs depending on channels and chats. Channels are migrated like for like. One-to-one chats that are older than 7 days will go into Outlook and will be searchable. One-to-one chats that are newer than 7 days will go directly into Teams with a link to guide them to reference Outlook for older chats.

About Version 2 Digital

Version 2 Digital is one of the most dynamic IT companies in Asia. The company distributes a wide range of IT products across various areas including cyber security, cloud, data protection, end points, infrastructures, system monitoring, storage, networking, business productivity and communication products.

Through an extensive network of channels, point of sales, resellers, and partnership companies, Version 2 offers quality products and services which are highly acclaimed in the market. Its customers cover a wide spectrum which include Global 1000 enterprises, regional listed companies, different vertical industries, public utilities, Government, a vast number of successful SMEs, and consumers in various Asian cities.

About CloudM
CloudM is an award-winning SaaS company whose humble beginnings in Manchester have grown into a global business in just a few short years.

Our team of tech-driven innovators have designed a SaaS data management platform for you to get the most from your digital workspace. Whether it’s Microsoft 365, Google Workspace or other SaaS applications, CloudM drives your business through a simple, easy-to-use interface, helping you to work smarter, not harder.

By automating time-consuming tasks like IT admin, onboarding & offboarding, archiving and migrations, the CloudM platform takes care of the day-to-day, allowing you to focus on the big picture.

With over 35,000 customers including the likes of Spotify, Netflix and Uber, our all-in-one platform is putting office life on auto-pilot, saving you time, stress and money.

New Reboot & Message Box Popups

Got tired of the Reboot notification window from Windows 98? Need to let your users know something? Alert the logged in user about anything? Use our new Topia executables for better user experience! Available from version 4.1.5 and above. For more information regarding the custom message, please refer to https://customer-portal.vicarius.io/how-to-create-a-custom-popup-notification

#topia_updates

About Version 2 Digital

Version 2 Digital is one of the most dynamic IT companies in Asia. The company distributes a wide range of IT products across various areas including cyber security, cloud, data protection, end points, infrastructures, system monitoring, storage, networking, business productivity and communication products.

Through an extensive network of channels, point of sales, resellers, and partnership companies, Version 2 offers quality products and services which are highly acclaimed in the market. Its customers cover a wide spectrum which include Global 1000 enterprises, regional listed companies, different vertical industries, public utilities, Government, a vast number of successful SMEs, and consumers in various Asian cities.

About VRX
VRX is a consolidated vulnerability management platform that protects assets in real time. Its rich, integrated features efficiently pinpoint and remediate the largest risks to your cyber infrastructure. Resolve the most pressing threats with efficient automation features and precise contextual analysis.

JWT Arbitrary Command Execution - CVE-2022–23529

Introduction

Arbitrary command execution has been found in JsonWebToken version 8.5.1 and lower, and registered as CVE-2022–23529

Library details

  • Description:

JSON Web Token (JWT) is an open standard (RFC 7519) that defines a compact and self-contained way for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object. This information can be verified and trusted because it is digitally signed. JWTs can be signed using a secret (with the HMAC algorithm) or a public/private key pair using RSA or ECDSA.

The vulnerability

When a user access some page, the token will be passed to verify the method in the back-end. so what happens is that verify method takes three parameters token, secretOrPublickKey, [options, callback].

you can pass a payload to the second parameter and that payload will be executed.

The End Game

Based on what unit42 discovered and also based on my analysis it’s not easy or obvious how to achieve full RCE.

I want to show the analysis I did here, my final thoughts explaining why I don’t think RCE or I don’t see real exploitation behind it.

Maybe I’m wrong, or Maybe I’m right 😀 Who knows!

Prerequisites

  • Download nodejs
sudo apt install nodejs
  • Download npm
sudo apt install npm
  • Download jsonwebtoken version 8.5.1 or earlier.
npm i jsonwebtoken@8.5.1 
  • Understanding of how jsonwebtoken works?

I won’t go into detail here, but I will explain the basics of the structure of JWT and how it works.

I will provide references so you can dive in depth with it if you like.

Basically, JWT token consists of three parts

  • Header: Algorithm & Token Type
  • Payload: Data
  • Verify Signature

Example:

When the user login in, the request with username and password go to Auth server, and the Auth server will verify and check the username and password based on that it will generate JWT Token for this user.

Now each time the user visits any page or route, the JWT token will be associated with the request headers.

https://dev.to/kcdchennai/how-jwt-json-web-token-authentication-works-21e7

https://jwt.io/introduction

Dynamic Analysis

I started with reproducing what unit42 already explained.

I’m using ubuntu, so you can start nodejs by typing the command

nodejs

Import jsonwebtoken.

jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');

Generate token

token = jwt.sign({"x":"y"}, 'some_secret');

This is the payload they used

var mal_obj = { toString : ()=> {console.log('PWNED!!!');process.on('exit', ()=> {require('fs').writeFileSync('malicious.txt', 'PWNED!!!!');});process.exit(0)}}

Now, pass the token and payload variable to verify

jwt.verify(token, mal_obj)

You will see PWNED!!! printed on the console.

Also, a file called malicious.txt has been created

Also “PWNED!!!!” has been written inside the file

This happened because this is what the payload we executed does.

I also wanted to see if I can execute commands, so I used this payload

var mal_obj = { toString : ()=> {process.on('exit', ()=> {require('child_process').exec('firefox');});process.exit(0)}};

and I got firefox launched.

 

Static Analysis

Let’s do some code review and see what went wrong

Download the source code of JWT 8.5.1 from here:

https://github.com/auth0/node-jsonwebtoken/releases/tag/v8.5.1

Open verify.js

here is where the vulnerable snippet of the code based on unit42 report.

After I tried to craft/edit/manipulate the JWT token, it didn’t really work.

in fact, it makes sense why it didn’t work because the payload supposes to go into the second parameter in the verify method where it’s marked in red, but the token is the first parameter, it’s marked in blue.

Final thoughts

To be honest, I’m not sure how this can be exploited remotely or even if you have access to the backend. However, based on what’s mentioned in “Exploitation Prerequisites” section in unit42 report it looks like there is no obvious scenario to exploit this.

Also based on the comments in the GitHub commit here it looks like a lot of people agree on that as well.

Some ideas for more in-depth research I was thinking about:

  • Maybe finding some misconfiguration scenario for JWT would help with exploiting this vulnerability.
  • I was thinking, about how those parameters get stored? for example in smart contracts variables are in memories like in slides. so you can overwrite the second variable in our case the secretOrPublicKey variable.

#jwt #cve #analysis #CVE-2022-23529

About Version 2 Digital

Version 2 Digital is one of the most dynamic IT companies in Asia. The company distributes a wide range of IT products across various areas including cyber security, cloud, data protection, end points, infrastructures, system monitoring, storage, networking, business productivity and communication products.

Through an extensive network of channels, point of sales, resellers, and partnership companies, Version 2 offers quality products and services which are highly acclaimed in the market. Its customers cover a wide spectrum which include Global 1000 enterprises, regional listed companies, different vertical industries, public utilities, Government, a vast number of successful SMEs, and consumers in various Asian cities.

About VRX
VRX is a consolidated vulnerability management platform that protects assets in real time. Its rich, integrated features efficiently pinpoint and remediate the largest risks to your cyber infrastructure. Resolve the most pressing threats with efficient automation features and precise contextual analysis.

Creating a culture of transparency

I once managed a product line when I didn’t even have access to revenue figures. Looking back now, that seems unthinkable. How was I supposed to manage a business when I didn’t even know how it was doing? I’m going to bet many others have a story like that too: where a culture of secrecy kept them from effectively doing their job.

In contrast, at runZero, we work at creating a culture of transparency: an environment where information flows between different levels of the organization and employees feel comfortable asking questions and sharing feedback.

When the executive team openly communicates with their employees, it builds trust and respect. In turn, employees are more likely to be productive and act in the best interest of the company. At tech companies, employees especially need access to accurate, up-to-date information to do their jobs well.

Ultimately, a culture of transparency leads to success because everyone is on the same page and working towards the same goals. Let’s dive into the specific values we’ve developed to promote and nurture transparency within our company.

Decentralize decision-making

Cultural value: “We provide transparency about decisions and the state of the business so everyone can make the right decisions autonomously.”

At runZero, transparency is a fundamental part of the way we do business. We focus on openness, so everyone knows the expectations, trusts each other, and feels confident in their role.

This level of transparency plays out in a variety of ways. At our monthly virtual town halls, for example, we are open about our standing as a company, where we are going, and what’s coming next. Our town halls deliver detailed information on financials, business performance, and even our cash position. We intend to be as honest if our cash position ever changes for the worse (though it hasn’t happened yet at the moment). By building trust and being transparent, everyone at runZero will feel like they are part of our successes and solutions.

When it comes to strategic planning, leaders provide context on the business to the team ahead of time, even if final decisions aren’t made yet. Leadership needs to be vulnerable in order to do this. They need to be able to admit that they don’t have all the answers yet, but are willing to share where they are in the process. This approach fosters collaboration and invites feedback. These are key elements to solving complex problems. We also take this approach in our one-on-one meetings.

We don’t pretend to have all the answers and understand that our employees may feel some degree of ambiguity in the face of such openness. This mindset allows for a free exchange of ideas between leadership and staff and promotes an environment where key players can work together to come to a consensus. The openness and directness of our leadership encourages employees to participate in the brainstorming process, ensuring that we make decisions based on collective wisdom instead of individual opinion.

When employees are confident in the knowledge they have, they can make the informed decisions independently, instead of expending time and resources asking for approvals internally. Transparency is essential for creating an environment where autonomous decision-making is not only accepted but encouraged.

The line between confidentiality and transparency

While transparency helps keep everyone in the loop, there are certain aspects of any business that must remain confidential, such as employee data and other human resources type information. In these cases, full transparency is not always the best solution.

In fact, during times of rebranding or restructuring, it’s better to wait until the new direction is clear before sharing any information widely, so it doesn’t create confusion. Information shared in confidence, for example about performance or health issues, should also not be shared widely.

However, our internal communication will always strive to be as honest and transparent as reasonably possible. We trust our employees to handle sensitive matters with utmost discretion and integrity.

Foster transparency through sharing

Cultural value: “We reward people who share information rather than hoard it.”

Information hoarding and siloed decision-making leads to inefficient processes and mistrust inside an organization.

Employees often hoard information to protect themselves from negative perceptions or to make themselves more valuable in the organization. However, when employees feel secure and comfortable in their environment, information hoarding becomes unnecessary.

That’s why we model and reward information sharing and transparency. For example, runZero’s Google Drive is fairly open—almost any employee has access to the files, except for those pertaining to sensitive information like human resources or finance. Generally speaking, however, employees can dig around for all kinds of data: company stats, dashboards, Hubspot data, and more. If employees can investigate, they can find solutions. In turn, we give them recognition for finding those solutions.

By providing tools like these and encouraging employees to use them openly and confidently, we avoid the issue of information hoarding altogether.

Help candidates grow through transparency

Cultural value: “If we turn a candidate down and we have helpful feedback, we offer to provide it.”

Sharing feedback with a candidate during the hiring process can be one of the most challenging tasks for any leader. Not only do we have to choose our words carefully, so that the message is constructive, but we also have to pick information that is truly valuable for the candidate’s growth. We also give the candidate the option to decline feedback, as we know sometimes that it can be a hard pill to swallow, depending on their circumstances.

The most difficult type of feedback is about someone’s potential. Oftentimes, this feedback may not consist of more than general comments about their capabilities or capacity for growth. It can be hard to deliver this type of feedback without it being demoralizing. So, we try to encourage candidates, while giving clear guidance on what specific improvements to help them understand what we are looking for at runZero. You never know what could happen: a few years down the line, the candidate could improve with feedback, timing shifts, and they end up being just the right fit for runZero.

We want the best fit for everyone involved. Anyone interviewing a candidate for runZero will be open and transparent, and we look for that to be reciprocated. We really listen for people with a growth mindset and who value transparency as much as we do.

Be honest with customers

Cultural value: We only take deals that are mutually beneficial partnerships. We take an honest, consultative approach to selling. We don’t pressure customers into sales if runZero is the wrong solution.

At runZero, we pride ourselves on our commitment to fair and transparent pricing. We are honest with our customers about what our product can do and if their requests exceed its capabilities, it’s best that everyone knows sooner rather than later. It saves everyone time in the long run. The sales team can disqualify the deal earlier and spend more time on deals with a higher likelihood to close. Disqualifying a deal builds trust and helps the customer understand the problems we can solve for them – and some return later when they are looking for a solution to those problems. The company experiences a higher renewal rate because customers weren’t oversold.

This approach benefits both parties in different ways: by being upfront about what our product can do, buyers benefit from a service that actually gives them what they need, while sellers don’t waste time trying to convince someone of a product that ultimately won’t work for them.

By committing to this type of customer service, we hope to help create an environment where buyers and sellers form trusting relationships.

The foundations of a great team and company

Open and honest dialogue is the cornerstone of any healthy team. Carrying out transparency in everything we do creates deeper connections between employees, leaders, and customers. We understand that fostering a supportive environment means that everyone should have access to information needed to be successful in their roles.

Creating a culture of transparency guides us at runZero every day. So if you’re looking for a role where transparency is in our DNA, we’d love for you to join us.

About Version 2 Digital

Version 2 Digital is one of the most dynamic IT companies in Asia. The company distributes a wide range of IT products across various areas including cyber security, cloud, data protection, end points, infrastructures, system monitoring, storage, networking, business productivity and communication products.

Through an extensive network of channels, point of sales, resellers, and partnership companies, Version 2 offers quality products and services which are highly acclaimed in the market. Its customers cover a wide spectrum which include Global 1000 enterprises, regional listed companies, different vertical industries, public utilities, Government, a vast number of successful SMEs, and consumers in various Asian cities.

About runZero
runZero, a network discovery and asset inventory solution, was founded in 2018 by HD Moore, the creator of Metasploit. HD envisioned a modern active discovery solution that could find and identify everything on a network–without credentials. As a security researcher and penetration tester, he often employed benign ways to get information leaks and piece them together to build device profiles. Eventually, this work led him to leverage applied research and the discovery techniques developed for security and penetration testing to create runZero.