Cybersecurity risks affect every economic sector, and the construction industry is no exception.

Digital technology is embedded in how we build. From home building to delivering complex infrastructure, constructors rely on connectivity and data storage to manage material flows, coordinate projects, and communicate with clients.

Cyber-attacks can disrupt these critical functions, raising costs and, potentially, creating physical security risks.

This blog will look at cybersecurity for construction companies. We will discuss general cybersecurity risks that all companies must mitigate, alongside construction-specific risks that require targeted security solutions.

Why do construction companies face cybersecurity risks?

The construction industry consistently attracts cyber criminals for several reasons. Most importantly, construction firms have embraced digitalization. Companies store valuable financial and client information, the type of data that data thieves love to discover.

Construction companies also store infrastructure plans and project schematics. These data types appeal to threat actors linked to hostile states or terrorist collectives. Cyber-attacks on corporate archives could enable and amplify devastating strategic attacks.

Digital transformation has introduced IoT sensors, drone footage, Building Information Modeling (BIM) systems, environmental modeling, and many radical new technologies. Innovation boosts productivity but also creates new targets for cyber criminals.

Competitors are another source of cyber-attacks in the construction industry. Construction is a competitive world where businesses compete for contracts based on reputation and track record. Sabotage or data theft can ruin a firm’s chances of successful tenders.

Data security studies back up these concerns. PwC’s 2024 Cyber Threats report finds that 76% of cyber-attacks against construction companies are motivated by financial gain. But 12% are linked to espionage, and 9% are connected to sabotage.

Attacks are also becoming more frequent. The security consultancy Kroll reports that phishing attacks on construction companies doubled from 2023-24. With criminals introducing sophisticated new techniques, the threat landscape is becoming more complex and hazardous. Threat mitigation strategies are essential.

Understanding cybersecurity threats for construction companies

Every economic sector faces slightly different adversaries. Cybersecurity measures should avoid generic solutions and rely on knowledge about relevant threats. With that in mind, critical cybersecurity threats in the construction industry include:

Ransomware attacks

Ransomware is the most common attack type against construction industry targets. In these attacks, criminals deploy malware to encrypt victims’ devices. Malware then denies access to encrypted data until attackers receive ransom payments, typically in cryptocurrencies.

Ransomware attacks are more than a financial headache. They disrupt project timelines, putting completion at risk. Attackers may also extract data even if victims agree to pay.

Data breaches

Modern construction companies rely on data flows to monitor projects, maintain quality control, protect the environment, and ensure employee safety. Companies handle vast streams of financial and client data as well. All of this sensitive data can be useful for cyber attackers.

Criminals understand how to compromise construction industry targets with social engineering attacks and malware. Data breaches are inevitable without strong information security measures and employee training processes.

Supply chain attacks

Construction companies depend on complex networks of suppliers to provide material inputs, personnel, and digital services. But criminals can compromise vendors and launch cascading attacks against downstream clients.

This is why construction firms must integrate third parties into their cyber risk assessments. Partner companies represent vulnerable entry points for malicious actors, making robust access control systems essential.

Internet-of-things (IoT) attacks

IoT devices track equipment locations, monitor temperatures and pressure levels, track fleet performance, and provide early safety warnings against vibrations or toxins. These functions cut costs and improve productivity. However, IoT also introduces network security cyber risks.

Direct access to Internet-of-Things devices enables surveillance and data collection. Attackers can also combine IoT devices in botnets to launch denial-of-service attacks and damage network assets.

Moreover, IoT devices often lack native security measures. Companies struggle to update firmware and keep pace with emerging threat vectors. They may even rely on default passwords, opening the door to opportunistic attacks.

Physical security

The construction sector is particularly prone to physical security risks. Members of the public may gain unauthorized access to work sites, putting their safety at risk. Expensive on-site equipment requires security from theft or damage.

Even worse, hybrid cyber-physical attacks can compromise devices that protect work sites. For instance, attackers may use malware to damage air conditioning or dust extraction systems. Insider threats can also introduce malware via USB devices, giving outsiders access to IT systems.

Best practices to mitigate construction industry cybersecurity risks

A single ransomware attack could lead to missed deadlines, contractual fees, loss of personal information and crippling reputational damage. Given these risks, cybersecurity should be a top priority for all construction companies and third-party suppliers.

However, many constructors are poorly prepared for cyber threats. According to insurance firm Travelers, over half of construction companies lack endpoint security controls or post-breach response plans. The best practices below will help you fill those gaps and secure construction industry assets:

Train employees to raise cybersecurity awareness

Phishing emails are the most common way for attackers to access construction industry networks. Clicking on malicious attachments or following fake links allows criminals to implant surveillance tools and launch ransomware attacks.

One of the most effective solutions to phishing risks is comprehensive employee training. Teach staff how to recognize dangerous emails and avoid unsolicited files or documents. Train employees to raise security concerns and follow password security best practices. And use phishing simulations to war-game real-world threats.

If you use IoT devices, training should cover updating firmware and ensuring security. Regularly reiterate the need to avoid default passwords and check devices.

Implement network security controls

Network security measures detect, assess, and neutralize cyber threats before they cause harm. Construction companies need robust firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and endpoint monitoring tools.

Uncontrolled access is another critical cybersecurity vulnerability. Use multi-factor authentication to request additional credentials for every login. Manage user permissions according to the principle of least privilege, allowing access to essential resources while blocking everything else.

Security teams must also update operational technology and network assets to minimize exploit risks. Attackers will leverage outdated firmware or operating systems. It’s essential to implement software updates and avoid using obsolete legacy systems.

Manage third-party security risks

Construction sector supply chains often become vectors for cyber attacks. This makes vendor and supply chain management a critical challenge.

Third-party risk assessment is critical. Assess vendors based on their cybersecurity controls and compliance records. Build cybersecurity into vendor contracts to encourage secure practices and prompt notification of security incidents.

Manage vendor access carefully according to Zero Trust security models. Assign sufficient privileges to carry out core tasks, without granting third parties extensive network access.

Follow an efficient incident response plan

Construction companies should assume that security incidents will occur. Security teams need a prepared incident response playbook to organize responses and safeguard sensitive information, such as client data or intellectual property.

Response plans should detect breaches, identify attack vectors, and determine the correct response. Depending on the nature of the threat, responses could entail system downtime, quarantine processes, or ongoing monitoring.

Response plans should also include data backup procedures. Regular backups of critical data allow construction companies to restore operations, even during ongoing ransomware attacks.

Ensure response plans meet regulatory compliance requirements (for example, notifying customers or regulators). Use response outcomes to improve security measures and cut future cybersecurity risks.

Managing IoT security

Secure Internet of Things devices with secure zones guarded by firewalls and access controls. Network segmentation allows authorized access and contains DDoS attacks or malware infections, effectively confining IoT attacks.

Extend IDS monitoring to IoT devices, and encrypt data transfers (such as monitoring data or video feeds).

Use industry frameworks to assist compliance

The construction industry does not fight cyber threats alone. For example, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provides a Cybersecurity Framework to guide construction firms. Employ the framework as a checklist to source essential tools and implement security measures.

Construct a cybersecurity strategy with NordLayer

Digital transformation in the construction industry brings many benefits, but also comes with a price tag: increasing exposure to cybersecurity risks. NordLayer can help you manage those risks and enjoy the benefits of technological innovation.

NordLayer provides a comprehensive cybersecurity solution for manufacturing companies of all sizes, from single-building sites to nationwide construction enterprises.

Here is what NordLayer offers:

• Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) enables you to restrict access to specific applications and prevent threats from spreading within the network.
• Web Protection effectively blocks phishing links and sites.
• Identity and Access Management (IAM) allows you to manage user identities and access for your employees and third parties with multi-factor authentication (MFA), biometric authentication, and Single Sign-On.
• Cloud Firewall ensures granular access control and helps secure workflows across remote, hybrid, and on-site environments.
• Endpoint security protects endpoints through traffic encryption and access control.

Cybersecurity should not compromise project delivery or data security. Contact NordLayer’s team to explore flexible and effective cybersecurity solutions for the construction industry.

SoundCloud is one of the largest cloud-based music streaming platforms in the world, connecting millions of listeners and creators across the globe. The company has more than 130 million monthly users and hosts over 250 million audio tracks.

Headquartered in Berlin, with offices in London, Los Angeles, and New York, SoundCloud operates in over 190 countries. Each region brings unique markets and localization needs, requiring a flexible, secure solution to keep teams connected and protected.

With SoundCloud expanding globally, their marketing team needed a reliable business VPN with broad location coverage. The company chose NordLayer to provide its marketing and developer teams with an easy setup, strong connectivity, and seamless protection.

The challenge: failing VPN connections and limited geographic coverage

SoundCloud faced several challenges with VPN reliability and geographical coverage. The company was looking for an easy-to-use solution that could provide stable, secure VPN connections in specific markets for localization and marketing purposes. Rafał Kamiński, IT Director at SoundCloud explains:

To find the right fit, SoundCloud evaluated several VPN tools, focusing on strong security credentials, ease of use, and simple deployment for non-technical users. After shortlisting and testing a few options, they selected NordLayer. It stood out as a reliable, easy-to-use, and budget-friendly solution that met all their requirements.

How NordLayer helped SoundCloud

By switching to NordLayer, SoundCloud simplified VPN use for employees, improved global connectivity, and saved time and resources. What started with just one team quickly expanded to around 90 users across departments.

Key benefit 1: Fast deployment across teams

SoundCloud’s IT team deployed NordLayer in less than a day. With bulk user uploads and simple installation on MacBooks, the setup was effortless. Most users needed only a short tutorial and could log in instantly via Google SSO.

Key benefit 2: VPN-based, reliable geo-access for global workflows

Some teams, like the designers in Berlin, needed to access vendor servers that only accepted U.S. IP addresses. With NordLayer, they could switch VPN locations in seconds and connect instantly, bypassing location restrictions without manual workarounds.

Key benefit 3: Reduced workload and operational costs

By removing the need for internal VPN infrastructure, international travel, or manual system setup, NordLayer helped SoundCloud save both time and money. IT teams could focus on strategic tasks instead of troubleshooting VPN usage.

Key benefit 4: Smooth scaling of VPN access across departments

Adoption started small with the marketing team, then expanded organically as more employees saw the benefits. Today, nearly 90 users rely on NordLayer’s Business VPN to stay connected securely and easily.

Key benefit 5: Easy user management with SSO integration

With NordLayer, managing users is straightforward. IT manually creates and deactivates accounts, while Google SSO enables secure, one-click login, which is easy even for non-technical users.

Results: 95% of admin time saved

• 95% admin time saved
  NordLayer eliminates the need for manual VPN setups or cloud configurations, enabling instant, secure access to remote systems.
• Ease of NordLayer’s use

• Seamless operations and a reliable, secure VPN connection
  Teams can now quickly switch locations to access region-specific content.

Why NordLayer works for SoundCloud

SoundCloud has been using NordLayer for five years now. With employees working remotely or across multiple global locations, SoundCloud needed a flexible Business VPN solution that did not require heavy admin work. NordLayer made a perfect fit.

Pro cybersecurity tips from SoundCloud

Conclusion

SoundCloud switched to NordLayer’s Business VPN, which provided secure, reliable connectivity and saved the company many hours of IT work.

NordLayer also allows users to easily change IP addresses to access region-restricted servers, which is critical for teams working with vendors or platforms based in other countries.

Does your business need secure and reliable connections? NordLayer provides fast deployment, flexible plans, and strong data security.

Visit NordLayer to find the best plan for your needs.

Today’s industry depends on automated control systems to maximize efficiency and enable flexible production. However, modern cyber attackers understand this dependence and have evolved many techniques to compromise and damage Industrial Control Systems (ICS).

This blog will explore how ICS fits into the cybersecurity landscape. We will learn about the threats ICS systems face, discuss best practices to mitigate cyber threats, and ensure smooth industrial operations.

ICS and OT: Definition

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT) are critical concepts in modern industry. However, the two approaches are slightly different, and understanding these variations is important when protecting ICS deployments.

Operational technology is a subset of industrial technology that monitors machinery and networks across enterprises. OT checks that production or logistics facilities are running smoothly and safely, including physical efficiency, environmental conditions, and cybersecurity factors.

Industrial Control Systems are a subset of OT that manage processes within industrial settings (including cybersecurity). Components of ICS include:

• Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA): Collects data from industrial sensors and delivers this information to centralized security centers.
• Distributed Control Systems (DCS): DCS handles complex industrial settings. For example, companies may integrate monitoring across chemical processing plants or oil refineries. Systems employ distributed sensors to improve efficiency and resiliency.
• Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs): PLCs govern automated industrial processes. They allow technicians to automate production and monitoring functions, including threat data collection, alerts, and incident responses.

Why is cybersecurity important for ICS?

Industrial control systems are fundamental to modern industry. They control production lines that manufacture essential consumer goods, manage power plants and refineries, and help maintain and extend critical infrastructure.

However, the expansion of ICS systems has brought new cybersecurity risks. Cybercriminals now seek to damage vital industries via targeted cyber-attacks, often focusing on ICS technology to achieve maximum impact. As a result, Industrial Control Systems cybersecurity is becoming critically important.

Think about the risks of not securing the ICS network infrastructure. Cyber threats could damage machinery and compromise the physical safety of employees. For instance, in the 2010s, a malware agent called TRITON hit industrial safety systems across the Middle East.

Even worse, attackers could harm entire populations. One attack documented by Verizon targeted water company logic controllers, aiming to contaminate water supplies with harmful chemicals. The attack failed but remains possible.

In most cases, attackers harm companies financially, not physically. ICS attacks often damage productivity by taking plants and equipment offline. For instance, a 2019 attack against Norsk Hydro facilities eventually cost the company over $50 million.

Given these numbers and the consequences of attacks, securing ICS systems should be a cybersecurity priority for all industrial organizations.

Understanding ICS security risks

Industrial cybersecurity starts with awareness of the risks faced by Industrial Control Systems. As ICS/OT becomes more aligned with IT, manufacturers face many critical risks, many of which are evolving and becoming more severe.

Common ICS vulnerabilities include:

• Use of legacy systems: Industrial organizations are often slow to update software, which lags behind other technology. Unpatched operating systems and firmware invite bad actors to exploit weak spots. This problem is doubled if vendors no longer support legacy systems. In that situation, companies have no one to advise them or supply updates.
• Default settings: Companies often install industrial equipment or IoT devices without changing the default settings. Attackers can quickly access ICS systems via default passwords, compromising an entire industrial environment.
• Lack of encryption: ICS systems rely on commands to operate switches and manage processes. However, cyber attackers accessing this traffic can hijack industrial systems and control production equipment. Encryption solves this problem by making commands unintelligible to outsiders.
• Risks related to remote access: Vendors and IT staff may access critical systems remotely to manage settings and monitor performance. This represents a vulnerability if companies fail to verify connections via robust access control measures.

Who exploits ICS vulnerabilities? Understanding the threat landscape

Many threat actors exploit these common ICS vulnerabilities. For example, companies without robust access controls, segmentation, and authentication are easy targets for insider threats. Insiders can obtain credentials and mount attacks or supply information to malicious outsiders.

However, many attacks originate overseas. So-called nation-state attacks involve state-backed cybercriminals. The US-created Stuxnet worm, which targeted Iranian nuclear facilities, is a great example, but nation-state attacks also emerged from Russia, China, North Korea, and Israel.

Then there are shady criminal collectives. In 2024, ransomware groups hitting ICS targets surged by 60%, and attacks rose by 87%. Industrial targets are attractive because companies can’t afford to lose production time. For instance, Colonial Pipeline paid ransomware attackers $4.4 million in 2021, and smaller payments happen daily.

Finally, third-party accounts can expose companies to supply chain risks without proper vetting and security assessments. If a vendor suffers a cyber-attack, the effects can cascade to factories that use their products.

What happens when ICS attacks occur?

Whatever threat actor is involved, ICS attacks can be devastating. The most obvious consequences are financial. As noted above, attackers may demand huge ransomware payments to unlock systems. However, ICS attack risks extend beyond ransom payments.

On a practical level, ICS attacks disrupt industrial production as SCADA manipulation causes production lines to behave erratically and halt. DDoS attacks overload and damage machinery, potentially raising fire risks.

Critical infrastructure networks become unreliable and require detailed assessment, which can be a headache for utilities like electricity or water providers. These problems are more severe if attackers disrupt monitoring technology by delivering false readings.

Safety systems may break down or produce false alarms. Physical failure can harm employees, customers, and the environment. When that happens, regulatory compliance violations are almost guaranteed, and reputational harm is never far behind.

ICS security best practices

Cyber threats against critical systems are becoming more sophisticated and damaging. Attackers tailor their methods to specific companies and locations. They research legacy systems, industrial architecture, and security measures to detect seemingly minor vulnerabilities.

In this context, all industrial organizations should strengthen their ICS cybersecurity posture. Let’s explore some best practices to achieve this goal.

Network segmentation

Segmenting ICS environments is an essential part of cybersecurity for Industrial Control Systems. This is because network segmentation divides industrial networks into areas with access permissions assigned to specific teams and employees. Security teams can monitor ICS devices and spot suspicious activity, ensuring only authorized users can access configurations or data flows.

Network segmentation can also help restrict the blast radius of successful attacks. It can, for example, prevent malicious malware from spreading in the network. This is especially helpful in mitigating denial-of-service attacks that flood industrial networks with traffic.

Ideally, companies should use cloud firewalls to implement network segmentation. Cloud firewalls enforce access controls to your ICS devices. You can facilitate smooth access for employees with a legitimate reason to change ICS settings and exclude everyone else.

Training employees

Cutting-edge security tools are useless if employees fail to follow security policies. For instance, companies must educate employees about the importance of MFA and password security. Enforce device security policies, allowing only approved work devices to connect to the ICS network.

Additionally, connect phishing risks with ICS attacks. Employees should know how to identify phishing emails and avoid malicious software infections.

Regularly patch and update software

As we discussed earlier, legacy systems are common failure points in cybersecurity for Industrial Control Systems. Companies let control software become obsolete. Businesses must provide regular patches to mitigate exploits and stay ahead of malicious actors.

Multi-factor authentication (MFA)

Robust access controls prevent unauthorized access, even if attackers obtain user names and passwords. Multi-factor authentication (MFA) requires unique one-time credentials in addition to passwords. This helps block untrusted users at the network edge.

MFA is even more effective with strengthened password security. ICS users should regularly change their passwords and use strong, unique passwords (with no reference to personal information).

Password managers can help by providing a simple interface for credentials management. Integrate tools like NordPass with your ICS security measures to enforce password policies consistently and minimize credential theft risks.

Secure Remote Access

ICS is usually a remote technology. Engineers rarely control equipment on-site and depend on connections between external networks and ICS devices. This opens the door to hijacking and credential theft attacks. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)help solve this problem.

VPNs help secure company data by creating an encrypted connection for employees to access the network remotely. Business VPN ensures that remote access to critical systems is protected, reducing the risk of cyber-attacks.

Harness the latest threat intelligence

Many ICS attacks originate from organized criminal collectives and nation-states. This level of organization makes attacks more powerful, but has a positive side: targets can research active threats and apply proactive security measures.

Leverage threat detection and intelligence to outpace ICS attackers. Solutions like NordStellar actively monitor current threats and detect leaked credentials on the Dark Web. With this knowledge, security teams can detect critical threats and remedy exploits before attacks occur.

What are the differences between ICS and SCADA systems?

Before we finish, it’s important to clarify how ICS and SCADA systems differ. As mentioned earlier, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition is a monitoring system that collects data from industrial sensors.

SCADA is most commonly associated with distributed industrial settings. For example, oil pipelines need thousands of SCADA sensors to monitor structural integrity, check employee safety, and spot potential leaks.

ICS is an umbrella term referring to systems that monitor and control industrial environments. SCADA is an element of most ICS deployments, but there is more to ICS than data gathering. ICS is a control model. ICS devices analyze and use data to manage industrial processes.

How can NordLayer help secure ICS systems?

ICS cybersecurity is critically important in the modern economy. Power suppliers, manufacturers, logistics companies, and all industrial organizations face severe and growing cybersecurity risks. Expert assistance is often essential, which is where NordLayer can help.

NordLayer’s cybersecurity for manufacturing solutions help mitigate ICS risks and prevent damaging cyber-attacks.

Our access control solutions regulate access to ICS assets, blocking unauthorized actors and allowing seamless employee access. The cloud firewall allows granular network segmentation, shrinking the attack surface. Threat detection tools monitor your network, while our VPN enables safe remote access to all ICS devices.

Advanced security tools make it possible to secure all types of industrial environments. To learn more, contact the NordLayer team today.

MediBillMD is a service-based company that provides end-to-end revenue cycle management for clinics and healthcare providers. They manage the billing of claims and the reimbursement process. They also handle:

• Credentialing — verifying providers’ qualifications and enrolling them with payer
• Authorization scrubbing — checking claims for errors before submission, reducing rejections and delays

Here’s a simplified version of the revenue cycle they manage:

1. A patient visits a clinic and sees a doctor
2. The doctor generates a claim and sends it to the insurance payer
3. The insurance payer processes the claim and reimburses the doctor

MediBillMD handles the billing and collection tasks, so clinics can focus on patient care. They are experts at ensuring providers get paid for services rendered.

The challenge: secure remote access to PHI

Alex Walker, Assistant VP Business Development and Sales, explains:

MediBillMD’s main office is in Dallas, Texas. Their operations team works primarily overseas. They needed:

• A Server with a dedicated IP to provide a fixed U.S. IP address.
• A secure VPN solution that enforces HIPAA compliance.

They turned to NordLayer to fulfill these requirements.

Step 1. Deploy NordLayer in 3 minutes

MediBillMD had tried another solution that didn’t work well. They switched to NordLayer because of user-friendly management, strong support, and familiarity with Nord’s products.

Deployment was straightforward:

1. Log in to NordLayer.
2. Send an invitation to each user.
3. The user clicks the link to download the NordLayer app.
4. The app installs automatically.
5. They’re ready to connect.

Step 2. Set up a Server with a dedicated IP

MediBillMD’s teams must access U.S.-based websites and EMRs from other regions. Some websites block non-U.S. traffic. The dedicated U.S. IP solves that.

When employees begin work, they automatically connect to the NordLayer VPN to reach EMRs and billing websites. Without the VPN, they can’t access any resources at all.

MediBillMD also has a Business Associate Agreement (BAA) with each clinic. This ensures that PHI can be accessed without storing data locally. By using the dedicated IP, each clinic knows exactly where MediBillMD’s requests come from, and no PHI gets saved on local systems.

Step 3. Enable Always On VPN

MediBillMD enforces an Always On VPN policy:

• Users’ devices start up with NordLayer connected.
• If NordLayer disconnects, internet access is blocked.

This approach eliminates accidental data exposure and keeps PHI protected at all times.

Step 4. Add extra security with DNS Filtering

MediBillMD blocks certain sites by using DNS filtering. They can tailor these policies to ensure employees don’t accidentally access risky domains.

Results: healthcare services enabled

• All remote employees secured. The team can safely access the U.S.-based resources.
• No bandwidth loss. The VPN runs smoothly without speed drops.
• Always On VPN. Employees remain connected, ensuring continuous compliance.
• EMRs remain in the U.S. No local data storage, aligning with HIPAA.
• Easy scaling. Adding new users takes only a few clicks.

Why NordLayer works for MediBillMD

MediBillMD values an all-in-one cybersecurity solution. They don’t want multiple vendors for separate tasks. NordLayer meets those needs:

• Scalability. New users can be added instantly.
• Future expansion. As MediBillMD grows, they can adopt network segmentation and advanced analytics.
• HIPAA-friendly. Combined with EMR-based security features (like two-factor authentication), NordLayer keeps PHI access locked down.

They plan to add more dashboards for HIPAA audits in the future. For now, they focus on a smaller volume of analytics. As they expand, they’ll integrate more features.

Pro cybersecurity tips

Organizations handling PHI must follow strict security rules to stay HIPAA-compliant. These practices help prevent breaches and block unauthorized access. While designed for healthcare, they also benefit other industries managing sensitive data.

1. Adopt a clear desk policy
   Always lock your computer when leaving your workstation, even for a minute. This protects PHI from unauthorized access and helps meet privacy and security standards.
2. Protect data when sending attachments
   Encrypt files with a password and email that password separately. Never include any patient identifiers (e.g., name, member ID, insurance details) in the email body. This reduces the risk of exposing sensitive information.
3. Enforce least privilege
   Give access only to those who need it. Critical passwords stay with management, so unnecessary personnel can’t view or handle sensitive data. This keeps systems locked down and HIPAA-compliant.

Alex Walker, Assistant VP Business Development and Sales @MediBillMD

Conclusion: future-ready HIPAA compliance

MediBillMD needs a dedicated U.S. IP to serve their remote workforce and U.S. clients. Here’s what they did:

• Deployed a Server with a dedicated IP so employees can access U.S. EMRs.
• Enabled Always On VPN to keep data secure 24/7.
• Used DNS Filtering to block risky or unneeded websites.
• Applied least privilege principles, with network segmentation planned for the future.
• Prepared for growth: Adding new users is simple, and everything else is built into NordLayer.

For healthcare companies like MediBillMD, an all-in-one solution helps maintain compliance, boost security, and simplify IT.

A Server with a dedicated IP starts at $40 per month. Other security features come in the Core NordLayer plan.

We live in a world where it’s easy to send a quick work email at the airport lounge or finish design tasks in neighborhood coffee shops after hours. Remote work is great in theory. However, if we don’t understand public Wi-Fi risks, working remotely can lead to cybersecurity disasters.

Public Wi-Fi networks are often a network security blind spot. Users sometimes drop their guard, exposing online accounts and security credentials that should remain locked down. That’s why robust public Wi-Fi security is essential for business.

This article addresses Wi-Fi security, exploring critical risks, mitigation strategies, and employee best practices for public Wi-Fi users.

Key takeaways

• Many public Wi-Fi networks lack adequate security measures such as encryption. “Evil Twin” attacks complicate the issue by creating fake hotspots that appear legitimate. Users must be vigilant and aware to protect their online security.
• Using free Wi-Fi is extremely risky. Hackers use public Wi-Fi connections to monitor targets, extract credentials, deploy malware, and mount identity theft attacks. They can also spread phishing emails, hijack sessions, and divert users to fake websites.
• Protect work devices on public Wi-Fi by enforcing VPNs, malware scanning, MFA, and threat intelligence. Unsecured devices should never connect to insecure Wi-Fi networks.
• Best practices for employees include data encryption, using a VPN and firewall combination, and learning how to verify that they are using a secure network. Employees should avoid sensitive tasks on Wi-Fi networks, especially those involving financial data.

What makes public Wi-Fi networks risky?

Around 60% of us regularly use hotel or airport Wi-Fi to send emails and collaborate with colleagues. Wi-Fi liberates employees to work wherever they are. However, this freedom brings cybersecurity risks. If you exchange sensitive data or files via public networks, data loss is always a possibility.

Why is this? The problem is that many public Wi-Fi networks lack security measures to prevent hijacking and protect users from criminal activity.

Unsecured Wi-Fi networks often lack password protection and authentication or rely on default passwords that attackers can easily guess. They also use unencrypted plain text, allowing data to flow openly from user devices to the internet.

Moreover, companies that fail to secure their Wi-Fi networks are also vulnerable to spoofing (so-called “Evil Twin” attacks).

In Evil Twin attacks, criminals create a fake public Wi-Fi hotspot that resembles the real thing. For instance, they might create an access point called “Airport_StarbucksWiFi.” The fake hotspot looks normal but allows threat actors to distribute malware and hijack connections.

Evil Twin attacks are more likely when businesses outsource Wi-Fi networks to IT partners. Airports regularly outsource connectivity, losing the ability to police internet traffic and crack down on copycat hotspots. Cybercriminals leap into that accountability gap, often without detection.

As a Wi-Fi user, identifying fake nodes or poor security measures is not simple. Most of the time, we want to log on smoothly and quickly without worrying about data security. Unfortunately, that’s a mistake.

Unsafe Wi-Fi exposes everything users do online, and we must remain vigilant.

In one study, researchers monitored 11 unsecured Wi-Fi hotspots around Nara, Japan. Over 150 hours, they gathered unencrypted photos, documents, emails, and credentials. All of the harvested data was in plain text, ready to use for whatever purpose attackers desired.

Common dangers of free Wi-Fi networks

Public Wi-Fi networks are dangerous services. However, you can use them safely if you take action to mitigate critical public WiFi risks. Mitigation starts with understanding how attackers use Wi-Fi and how threats operate.

Man-in-the-Middle attacks

The Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks involve attackers placing themselves between user devices and the public internet. Fake public Wi-Fi networks are perfectly adapted for this attack method.

Criminals controlling a public Wi-Fi hotspot use sniffing tools to monitor data and harvest unencrypted credentials from users on the same network. They can mount session hijacking attacks to execute financial transactions or redirect users to malicious websites.

Malware distribution

Unsecured networks enable malware distribution in several ways. For instance, attackers can use compromised Wi-Fi servers to redirect network users to fake websites and deliver malicious downloads.

Attackers can also send phishing emails directly to users or leverage software exploits to implant spyware tools. The bottom line is that using unsecured public Wi-Fi connections offers an open door for malware attacks.

Identity and credential theft

Both MitM attacks and malware can extract user credentials and other confidential information. Attackers use this information to mount secondary attacks. For example, they might use login credentials to apply for loans or gain access to business networks. They can also sell extracted data on dark web marketplaces.

The trouble with identity theft attacks is that they are hard to trace. Victims do not know criminals are using their login credentials until it’s too late. That’s why we recommend that Wi-Fi users regularly request a dark web scan to check for leaked emails and login details.

Business email compromise

In business email compromise attacks, criminals pose as legitimate contacts and persuade victims to transfer money or confidential information.

Unsecured Wi-Fi allows attackers to extract your email address and monitor email contents. Attackers can learn who you are and create persuasive phishing emails to suit their strategy.

Alternatively, hackers could hijack your business email account via compromised Wi-Fi connections. They can assume your corporate identity, using it to email colleagues, clients, and bosses. This technique builds false trust, enabling criminals to arrange payments or steal data without detection.

How much can security incidents cost companies

Using public Wi-Fi without protective measures is risky. But how risky is it from a financial and reputational perspective?

The answer is, very risky. Companies that neglect public Wi-Fi safety run unacceptable risks with potentially drastic consequences. Most significantly, a single insecure Wi-Fi connection can lead to enterprise-wide data breaches.

According to IBM, the average cost of a data breach reached $4.88 million in 2024—a 10 percent increase from the previous year. 66% of consumers lose trust in companies that suffer data breaches, and 75% consider avoiding their products.

Using public Wi-Fi amplifies this critical business risk. Statista reports that 25% of those using cafe Wi-Fi networks reported identity compromise attacks. Another survey found that 18% of Wi-Fi users reported experiencing cybersecurity incidents linked to public networks.

Even worse, 45% of respondents admitted to making financial transactions via public Wi-Fi and 47% failed to verify the legitimacy of Wi-Fi hotspots. So while public Wi-Fi is risky, users often underestimate the hazards and are liable to put data at risk.

Ways to stay safe on public Wi-Fi

Identity theft and data breach attacks are costly, but employees often need flexible internet access—especially when traveling. Companies must balance flexible working practices with robust cybersecurity. That way, businesses can enjoy the benefits of public Wi-Fi and neutralize the negatives.

Let’s start with some security fundamentals to strengthen your security posture and protect users wherever they access the internet.

• Use a Virtual Private Network (VPN)—VPNs encrypt connections and assign anonymous IP addresses to user devices. With a Business VPN installed, employees access network assets via a secure connection. Even snoopers in control of Wi-Fi nodes can’t easily decrypt web traffic. Integrate VPN usage into your remote work policies. Require employees to use an approved business VPN on all work devices.
• Scan downloads for malicious content—Criminals use unprotected Wi-Fi networks to divert users to fake websites and seed malicious downloads. Guard against this risk with Malware Protection tools that scan incoming files and identify malicious software.
• Implement real-time malware protection—It’s also wise to use continuous threat scanning tools. Malware can infect any device via drive-by downloads or email attachments. Real-time malware scanning detects these threats before they steal data or damage assets.
• Leverage advanced threat intelligence—Threat intelligence provides up-to-date knowledge about active threat actors and attack techniques. Advanced knowledge makes it easier to mitigate risks and apply suitable Wi-Fi security measures.
• Secure all user accounts with multi-factor authentication (MFA)—Attackers may obtain user IDs or passwords via packet sniffing or malware. However, if you use MFA for network logins, criminals won’t be able to access critical assets easily.

Best practices for employees using public Wi-Fi

The recommendations above will help you manage public Wi-Fi risks, but they aren’t the end of the story. Wi-Fi security is fundamentally about safe user behavior and training. Security-aware employees are far less likely to fall for Evil Twin attacks or phishing scams.

With that in mind, here are some best practices that employees should follow when connecting to public Wi-Fi networks:

Learn how to recognize fake Wi-Fi networks

Training should focus on educating employees to understand public Wi-Fi security risks and identify fake networks. Educate staff to be alert to the risk of using free Wi-Fi networks, and require users to verify the hotspot with the staff at hotels or coffee shops before connecting.

Turn off auto-connect settings

Device users often enable auto-connect at home and forget that it applies elsewhere. However, devices may automatically connect with unsafe networks. Disable this feature and require manual logins for each public Wi-Fi internet connection.

Encrypt sensitive information on devices

If users regularly work remotely, require the encryption of sensitive data in specific folders. Ban the storage of work documents in plain text files, and consider requiring end-to-end email encryption for work-related file transfers.

Enable VPNs and firewall protection

As noted earlier, business VPNs bring public Wi-Fi users within your security perimeter. Combine robust VPN encryption with approved device firewalls to block most threats before they compromise data.

Don’t use public Wi-Fi for sensitive activities

Attackers can’t steal financial credentials if you don’t type them into browsers. Tell staff to avoid sending payments via public Wi-Fi or discussing financial matters via insecure connections. The same applies to collaborating on confidential projects. If privacy is critical, use cellular hotspots or reliable Wi-Fi connections.

Require regular updates

Patch management manages the risks related to outdated operating systems and internet-facing applications. Remember: attackers look for WiFi security exploits to access devices and business networks. Make sure every critical app is up-to-date and protected against known vulnerabilities.

How NordLayer can help

Avoiding public Wi-Fi risks is not just about training. NordLayer’s security platform reinforces employee knowledge by providing the tools to safeguard data and counter cyber threats.

For example, our Business VPN applies encryption and IP address anonymization to all users when they connect to the company network. Encryption locks down the content in transit of user devices, while the Always-On VPN feature ensures complete coverage. Your internal network remains invisible to attackers; sensitive data is always off-limits.

Our Download Protection tools screen downloads for malware threats. If Man-in-the-Middle attacks divert users to fake download sites, our tools detect threats before they execute malicious code. Real-time malware protection operates in the background, ensuring a seamless user experience.

NordLayer also leverages global threat intelligence to counter emerging threats and criminal actors. Our threat intelligence solution detects attacks early based on signatures and unusual behavior. Security teams enjoy network-wide visibility via real-time internet traffic monitoring.

Companies that allow employees to use unsecured public Wi-Fi networks should expect internet security issues sooner rather than later. However, NordLayer will help you strike a strategic balance between flexible work and cybersecurity. Contact our team to reduce public Wi-Fi risks without compromising employee performance.

Frequently asked questions

What information can hackers steal while browsing on public networks?

Hackers can steal any data passing across an unsecured Wi-Fi network connection. This includes email contents and metadata, search queries, file transfers, and login credentials for network portals, social media accounts, or financial services.

Stealing data stored on user devices is harder but also possible. Attackers can deploy malware to extract files from hard drives or connected devices. In short, any information on your device is at risk when you use unsecured free WiFi connections.

What are the biggest risks when using public WiFi networks?

Public WiFi use carries many cybersecurity risks. The biggest risk is the extraction of login credentials and other sensitive information. Attackers can sniff credentials from active connections and use this information to access network resources.

Public Wi-Fi users also risk malware infections from fake websites or direct deployment. Attackers can distribute phishing emails or pop-up alerts to users on the same network. They can also use session hijacking techniques to control applications and compromise network security.

How does the use of a VPN help you stay protected?

Virtual private networks protect public Wi-Fi use by encrypting data and assigning anonymous IP addresses. Encryption conceals the data you send over free wifi connections. Attackers cannot see what you type or the emails you send and tend to shift focus to easier targets instead.