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後量子密碼學 (PQC) 詳解:在量子時代下,捍衛我們的數碼未來

後量子密碼學:傳統加密技術面臨的迫切威脅與轉型指南

2024 年,美國國家標準暨技術研究院 (NIST) 發布了全球首批「後量子密碼學 (Post-Quantum Cryptography, PQC)」標準,標誌著全球網絡安全格局進入一個新時代。這股趨勢在 2025 年 3 月得以延續,NIST 將基於編碼的演算法 HQC 加入了決選名單。這場轉型並非空穴來風;隨著 Google、IBM 等機構的量子電腦以驚人的速度發展,支撐我們數碼世界的傳統加密技術,其壽命正進入倒數計時。

時至今日,我們數碼生活的幾乎所有層面——從網絡銀行、電子商務到政府的機密通訊——都依賴 RSA 和 ECC 等傳統演算法來保護。然而,這些系統正面臨生存威脅。專家預測,到 2030 年代中期,量子電腦的算力將足以破解它們,使數十年來建立的安全基礎設施瞬間過時。

一個更為迫切的危險是「先搜集,後解密 (Harvest Now, Decrypt Later)」的攻擊策略。敵對者現已在大量攔截並儲存加密數據,等待量子電腦問世的那一天,就能輕易解鎖其中的秘密。這使得任何需要長期保密的敏感資訊,從國家機密到個人健康記錄,都處於極大的風險之中。

為此,世界各國政府和企業正競相採用 PQC,使其成為任何具備未來防禦能力的資安策略基石。

什麼是後量子密碼學 (PQC)?

後量子密碼學 (PQC) 指的是一類全新的密碼學演算法,其設計宗旨在於能夠抵禦來自傳統電腦和量子電腦的雙重攻擊。最關鍵的一點是,PQC 演算法運行於我們今天使用的傳統電腦上,這意味著它們可以直接部署在現有的 IT 基礎設施中,而無需量子硬體。

這與量子密碼學 (quantum cryptography) 不同,後者是利用量子力學原理來保護通訊安全。

當前加密技術的弱點在於其數學基礎。RSA 和 ECC 依賴於整數分解和離散對數等數學難題,這些問題對於傳統電腦來說極難解決。然而,量子演算法——尤其是秀爾演算法 (Shor’s algorithm)——能夠以指數級的速度破解這些難題。儘管目前還沒有任何量子電腦能在真實世界中破解 RSA 或 ECC,但全球系統的 PQC 遷移預計需要十年以上,因此立即採取行動已是當務之急。

新一代的守護者:PQC 演算法一覽

PQC 演算法建立在一些即使對量子電腦而言也被認為是困難的數學問題之上。NIST 的標準主要基於以下幾個類別:

  1. 格密碼學 (Lattice-Based Cryptography):

    這種方法依賴於在複雜的多維網格(即「格」)中求解難題的困難度,現已成為 PQC 的領跑者。它構成了 NIST 標準的核心,包括用於金鑰交換的 ML-KEM (原名 Kyber),以及用於數碼簽章的 ML-DSA (原名 Dilithium)FALCON。這些演算法在安全性、效能和金鑰大小之間取得了絕佳的平衡,是廣泛應用的理想選擇。

  2. 編碼密碼學 (Code-Based Cryptography):

    這種方法基於解碼糾錯碼的困難度,是歷史最悠久、最受信任的 PQC 技術之一。其主要演算法為 McEliece 和 HQC (於 2025 年 3 月被 NIST 列為決選演算法)。雖然它以其強大的安全性及適合長期數據保護而聞名,但其公鑰尺寸通常非常大。

  3. 雜湊簽章 (Hash-Based Signatures):

    這類演算法的安全性源於密碼學雜湊函數。NIST 已將 SLH-DSA (原名 SPHINCS+) 標準化為數碼簽章演算法。雖然它極為可靠且設計保守,但效能較慢。不過,其無狀態 (stateless) 的設計使其成為韌體簽署和數碼憑證等應用的絕佳選擇。

  4. 多變數及同源密碼學:

    多變數密碼學因金鑰尺寸過大和過去部分變體的漏洞而受阻。同源密碼學曾因其極小的金鑰尺寸而備受期待,但其主要候選演算法 (SIKE) 遭受成功攻擊後,已被 NIST 從當前的標準化進程中排除。

全球標準化與部署的競賽

NIST 一直是全球 PQC 標準化的領導者,透過多年的公開競賽來嚴格審查各種演算法。隨著 2024 年正式標準的發布及 2025 年的完善,全球的焦點已轉向實施、測試和遷移指南。

這項努力是全球性的。歐洲透過 ETSI 等組織正在制定區域政策;中國正在為其關鍵基礎設施推動國家級的 PQC 標準;韓國的國家情報院和 KISA 已發布 PQC 過渡藍圖,並正在金融、公共和醫療領域進行試點計畫。

後量子密碼學已不再是遙遠的理論概念,而是一項迫切的現實需求。「先搜集,後解密」的威脅今日已然存在,而能夠破解當前加密技術的實用量子電腦也即將問世。

鑑於全球數碼基礎設施的龐大與複雜性,全面過渡到 PQC 將需要多年的精心規劃和執行。組織機構已沒有觀望的餘裕。立即行動——盤點現有的密碼學系統、制定遷移藍圖、並採用混合加密模式——已是至關重要。我們在量子時代的網絡安全,將取決於我們今日所做的準備。

About Penta Security

Penta Security takes a holistic approach to cover all the bases for information security. The company has worked and is constantly working to ensure the safety of its customers behind the scenes through the wide range of IT-security offerings. As a result, with its headquarters in Korea, the company has expanded globally as a market share leader in the Asia-Pacific region.

As one of the first to make headway into information security in Korea, Penta Security has developed a wide range of fundamental technologies. Linking science, engineering, and management together to expand our technological capacity, we then make our critical decisions from a technological standpoint.

About Version 2

Version 2 Digital is one of the most dynamic IT companies in Asia. The company distributes a wide range of IT products across various areas including cyber security, cloud, data protection, end points, infrastructures, system monitoring, storage, networking, business productivity and communication products. Through an extensive network of channels, point of sales, resellers, and partnership companies, Version 2 offers quality products and services which are highly acclaimed in the market. Its customers cover a wide spectrum which include Global 1000 enterprises, regional listed companies, different vertical industries, public utilities, Government, a vast number of successful SMEs, and consumers in various Asian cities.

API 威脅、機器人攻擊與隨機流量高峰:AWS WAF + Cloudbric WMS 如何在 2025 年保障您的安全

API 威脅、機器人攻擊與流量高峰:
AWS WAF + Cloudbric WMS 如何在 2025 年確保您的業務安全

在 2025 年,數碼版圖已成為一個高風險的戰場。API 成為新的前線,自動化機器人數量已超越人類用戶,而超大流量的 DDoS 攻擊規模達到了前所未有的程度。對於在 AWS 上營運的企業來說,標準的、開箱即用的安全防護已遠遠不夠。您需要的是專家管理、情報驅動的防禦。

這正是 Cloudbric WMS 發揮作用之處,它能將您的 AWS WAF 從一個簡單的工具,轉變為一個人員齊備、全面的安全營運中心。

1. 挑戰:攻擊者已進入「BOSS 模式」

2025 年的威脅數據明確顯示:攻擊的複雜性和數量,正讓手動防禦不堪重負。

趨勢數據點
API 攻擊爆炸性增長2024 年 Web 應用程式與 API 攻擊達 3,110 億次,年增 33%。
機器人數量超越人類自動化流量現佔網路 51%;僅惡意機器人就佔 37%。
流量高峰即攻擊信號超大流量 HTTP DDoS 攻擊 (>1 億 pps) 季增 592%。
業務邏輯濫用OWASP 現將「無限制存取敏感業務流程」列為關鍵 API 風險 (API6:2023)。

雖然 AWS WAF 提供了具備低延遲邊緣保護的堅實基礎,但它將最關鍵的任務——持續的規則調整、誤報管理和主動式威脅分析 —— 留給了您。這在「擁有工具」和「擁有真正的安全解決方案」之間,造成了一個危險的差距。

2. 解決方案:Cloudbric WMS——在 AWS WAF 之上疊加情報與專業知識

Cloudbric WMS 透過在您現有的 AWS WAF 部署之上,疊加三項關鍵能力來彌補這一差距。

能力提供的價值
先進情報技術棧來自全球情報源的即時威脅 IP 評分、一個能分析 WAF 日誌以偵測異常和機器人指紋的 AI 引擎,以及一個擁有 91.53% 偵測率的專有規則引擎 (Tolly BMT)。
全天候專家支援一個全球安全營運中心 (SOC) 作為您團隊的延伸。我們的專家分析師能解讀警報、處理事件、在數分鐘內推送緩解措施,並提供符合您業務邏輯的客製化規則諮詢——沒有第一線客服腳本,沒有延遲。
具洞察力的可視性一個統一的營運儀表板,為您和我們的專家提供清晰的流量與威脅視圖,而高階主管級威脅報告則為稽核和策略規劃提供所需洞見。

3. 攻防速查表

親眼見證其中的差異。以下是常見的複雜攻擊,在使用與不使用 Cloudbric WMS 的情況下,處理方式有何不同。

威脅情境原生 AWS WAF搭配 Cloudbric WMS
針對未記載 API 端點的 GraphQL 注入需要手動建立複雜的正規表示式 (Regex) 規則。自動學習的 API 結構結合行為偵測,能自動攔截攻擊。
AI 驅動的價格爬蟲機器人集群機器人控制功能可攔截已知的惡意機器人,但複雜的機器人可能繞過。威脅 IP 評分能立即攔截低信譽來源,同時透過無頭瀏覽器指紋辨識和分鐘級速率限制來阻止集群攻擊。
突發的 7 Tbps DDoS 攻擊依賴預設的 ACL 速率限制;您的團隊需在事後分析日誌。我們的 24/7 SOC 會立即升級處理、應用地理過濾來阻擋攻擊節點,並在 15 分鐘內提交一份無需您介入的事件報告。
濫用「大量訂購」API 流程 (API6)沒有針對業務邏輯濫用的特定、開箱即用的防護。一套客製化的業務邏輯規則,包含交易上限和異常評分,能有效防止此類濫用。

4. 數分鐘完成部署,無需數月

入門過程簡單快捷。

  1. 在 AWS Marketplace 上訂閱 Cloudbric WMS。
  2. 委派存取權限給您現有的 AWS WAF 及相關資源 (如 CloudFront)。
  3. 基準日誌記錄開始,我們的威脅 IP 評分模型會自動建立。
  4. 我們會在 **48 小時的「僅監控模式」**下運行,同時由我們的 SOC 調整任何誤報。
  5. 啟動攔截模式,您將開始收到每週的規則優化和高階主管威脅報告。

5. 經實證的業務成果

成果Cloudbric WMS 的影響
更少誤報透過先進的威脅 IP 評分和專家調校,最多減少 40%。
更高偵測率91.53% 的 OWASP Top-10 偵測率,相比領先的競爭對手低於 70% (Tolly,2024 年 2 月)。
更快緩解速度歸功於我們的 24/7 SOC,平均緩解時間少於 5 分鐘。
備受信賴的信譽獲認可為 AWS WAF Ready 與 ISV Accelerate 合作夥伴,並榮獲多項業界大獎。

6. 立即行動

準備好將您的 AWS WAF 升級為一個全天候、精通 API 的防護盾了嗎?立即開始您的 Cloudbric WMS 免費試用,親身體驗即時威脅 IP 評分、專家級 SOC 洞察以及零日規則更新的強大功能。

FAQ

Q1. Cloudbric WMS 會取代 AWS WAF 嗎?
A. 不會。它透過先進的情報、專業的 SOC 監控和更高精度的規則來擴展和增強 AWS WAF,同時確保您的流量安全地保留在 Amazon 的全球邊緣網路上。

Q2. 威脅 IP 評分是額外費用嗎?
A. 不,它是包含在所有 WMS 方案中的核心功能。評分會透過 Cloudbric 的全球威脅情報源進行即時更新。

About Penta Security

Penta Security takes a holistic approach to cover all the bases for information security. The company has worked and is constantly working to ensure the safety of its customers behind the scenes through the wide range of IT-security offerings. As a result, with its headquarters in Korea, the company has expanded globally as a market share leader in the Asia-Pacific region.

As one of the first to make headway into information security in Korea, Penta Security has developed a wide range of fundamental technologies. Linking science, engineering, and management together to expand our technological capacity, we then make our critical decisions from a technological standpoint.

About Version 2

Version 2 Digital is one of the most dynamic IT companies in Asia. The company distributes a wide range of IT products across various areas including cyber security, cloud, data protection, end points, infrastructures, system monitoring, storage, networking, business productivity and communication products. Through an extensive network of channels, point of sales, resellers, and partnership companies, Version 2 offers quality products and services which are highly acclaimed in the market. Its customers cover a wide spectrum which include Global 1000 enterprises, regional listed companies, different vertical industries, public utilities, Government, a vast number of successful SMEs, and consumers in various Asian cities.

AWS WAF with Cloudbric Managed Rules in Four Simple Steps (Old & New Console Version)

How to Deploy Cloudbric Managed Rules for AWS WAF in 4 Steps

Protect your AWS applications in minutes. Cloudbric’s managed rules for AWS WAF condense enterprise-grade threat intelligence into a simple, one-click deployment. This guide shows you how to add battle-tested security logic to your applications without writing code or scheduling downtime.

Why Add Cloudbric to AWS WAF?

While AWS WAF provides a powerful framework, its effectiveness depends on the quality of the rules you apply. Cloudbric delivers curated, pre-tuned rule groups that allow you to:

  • Deploy Faster:Launch comprehensive security policies in under five minutes.
  • Stay Ahead of Threats:Benefit from daily rule updates that track emerging CVEs and attack patterns.
  • Reduce False Positives:Utilize machine learning-aided signatures that minimize noise and disruptions.
  • Pay as You Go:Subscribe per rule group for each web ACL with no long-term lock-in.

Setup at a Glance

Before you begin, ensure you have:

  • An AWS Account:With AWS WAF enabled and the necessary IAM permissions (e.g., wafv2:**).
  • A Target Resource:A CloudFront distribution, Application Load Balancer (ALB), API Gateway, or other supported AWS service you wish to protect.
  • A Cloudbric Subscription:If you're a new user, AWS will prompt you to subscribe via the AWS Marketplace directly within the setup process—no need to leave the console.

Deploying Cloudbric Rules: A Step-by-Step Guide

This walk-through uses the modern AWS WAF console workflow.

Step 1: Navigate to AWS WAF & Create a Web ACL

From the AWS Management Console, go to WAF & Shield. In the left navigation pane, click Web ACLs, then click Create web ACL. A Web Access Control List (Web ACL) is a set of rules that provides fine-grained control over the web traffic that reaches your application. WAF & Shield。在左側導覽窗格中,點擊 Web ACLs,然後點擊 Create web ACL。Web 存取控制清單(Web ACL)是一組規則,能對到達您應用程式的網路流量進行精細控制。

Step 2: Describe the Web ACL and Associate Resources

Name your Web ACL and provide an optional description.

Select the AWS resource(s) you want to protect (e.g., your CloudFront distribution or ALB). Click Next.

Step 3: Add Cloudbric's Managed Rules

This is where you integrate Cloudbric’s security intelligence.

  1. On the "Add rules and rule groups" screen, click the Add rules dropdown and select Add managed rule groups.
  2. Scroll down to the AWS Marketplace managed rule groups section.
  3. Expand the Cloudbric Corp. provider listing to see all available rule groups.
  4. Locate the rule group you need (e.g.,OWASP Top 10 Rule Set) and toggle the Add to web ACL switch.

First-Time Subscription: If you haven't subscribed before, a prompt will appear. Click "Subscribe in AWS Marketplace," accept the terms, and return to the WAF console. The toggle will now be active.

Once added, the rule group will appear in your list with its associated WCU (Web ACL Capacity Unit) cost. Repeat this for any other Cloudbric rule groups you wish to add. Click Next.

Step 4: Set Rule Priority, Review, and Create

Set rule priority if you have added multiple rules. By default, your new rule group will be evaluated last.

Review your configuration to ensure all settings are correct.

Click Create web ACL. The deployment typically takes about 60-90 seconds.

A success banner will confirm that your AWS resources are now protected by your new Web ACL featuring Cloudbric's managed rules.


Your Security Toolkit: The Cloudbric Rule Arsenal

Choose the right protection for your specific needs. Here’s a breakdown of the available rule groups, their purpose, and their capacity cost.

Rule Group What It Does for You When to Use It
API Protection Guards against the OWASP API Security Top 10 (injection, broken authentication, data exposure) with schema and rate-based checks. Any public or partner-facing REST/GraphQL API, especially for fintech, SaaS, or mobile back-ends.
Anonymous IP Protection Detects and blocks traffic from VPNs, proxies, Tor exits, and other anonymizing services to prevent fraud. Stop fraud rings, price scrapers, and location-based abuse without blocking legitimate users.
Bot Protection Uses behavioral and signature-based filters to block credential stuffing, carding, inventory hoarding, and SEO spam. E-commerce checkouts, ticketing sites, and login portals where bot traffic harms business.
Malicious IP Reputation Blocks traffic from a real-time feed of 700k+ IPs linked to malware, spam, DDoS, and C2 servers. A quick, low-cost win for any business to instantly reduce its attack surface.
OWASP Top 10 Provides broad protection against the most critical web application security risks like SQLi, XSS, and path traversal. The essential security blanket for every new website and application before it goes live.
Tor IP Detection Specifically flags and blocks traffic from Tor exit nodes to cut off high-risk, anonymous vectors. Banking, gaming, or any service where user identity and accountability are critical.

Pricing and WCU (Web ACL Capacity Units)

AWS WAF usage is calculated with WCUs. You can combine multiple rule groups in a single Web ACL, but note that the default WCU limit is 1,500 before additional charges apply.

Cloudbric Rule Group Typical WCU Monthly List Price*
API Protection 1,200 Pay-as-you-go via AWS Marketplace
Anonymous IP Protection 90
Bot Protection 150
Malicious IP Reputation 6
OWASP Top 10 1,400
Tor IP Detection 6

*Pricing is managed directly through your AWS bill.


Ready to Lock Down Your Edge?

Cloudbric brings enterprise-grade protection to your AWS WAF environment without the enterprise-level complexity. With a setup time of less than five minutes and threat intelligence that’s updated daily, you can secure your applications and get back to building.

About Penta Security

Penta Security takes a holistic approach to cover all the bases for information security. The company has worked and is constantly working to ensure the safety of its customers behind the scenes through the wide range of IT-security offerings. As a result, with its headquarters in Korea, the company has expanded globally as a market share leader in the Asia-Pacific region.

As one of the first to make headway into information security in Korea, Penta Security has developed a wide range of fundamental technologies. Linking science, engineering, and management together to expand our technological capacity, we then make our critical decisions from a technological standpoint.

About Version 2

Version 2 Digital is one of the most dynamic IT companies in Asia. The company distributes a wide range of IT products across various areas including cyber security, cloud, data protection, end points, infrastructures, system monitoring, storage, networking, business productivity and communication products. Through an extensive network of channels, point of sales, resellers, and partnership companies, Version 2 offers quality products and services which are highly acclaimed in the market. Its customers cover a wide spectrum which include Global 1000 enterprises, regional listed companies, different vertical industries, public utilities, Government, a vast number of successful SMEs, and consumers in various Asian cities.

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