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OECD報告:人工智慧將大幅推動G7國家生產力成長!

OECD 預測 G7 國家將迎來 AI 驅動的生產力大爆發,並點出關鍵挑戰

經濟合作暨發展組織(OECD)的一份里程碑式報告預測,A landmark report from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) projects that Artificial Intelligence is set to trigger a significant productivity surge across G7 nations, potentially adding up to 1.3 percentage points to annual growth. The report details how AI will transform economies by automating cognitive tasks, but cautions that this boom is not guaranteed and hinges on overcoming significant hurdles.這一榮景並非必然,其成敗取決於能否克服重大障礙。

成長引擎:自動化知識型工作

此轉型的首要驅動力,是 AI 在自動化例行任務方面的能力,尤其是在資訊科技、金融和專業服務等知識型產業,這些領域中 50% 至 80% 的任務都受 AI 影響。透過處理如數據分析、服務單分類或診斷等重複性工作,AI 將人力資本釋放出來,讓他們能專注於創新、策略和高價值的問題解決。這種效率創造了漣漪效應,提升了對所有員工的支援,並將 IT 等部門從成本中心轉變為可擴展的成長引擎。

邁向 AI 驅動經濟之路上的主要障礙

OECD 明確指出,實現這些效益的道路充滿挑戰:

  • 國際間的採用差距:報告預測 G7 國家之間的 AI 採用率將存在顯著差異。預計到 2034 年,美國、加拿大、英國和德國的採用率將達到 30-60%,而法國、義大利和日本可能落後,採用率介於 15-50% 之間。此差距可能限制整體的宏觀經濟效益。
  • 成長不均的風險:報告警告需警惕「鮑莫爾成本病」(Baumol’s Growth Disease),即生產力增長仍集中在少數高科技產業。如果其他行業未能整合 AI,這可能會削弱整體的國內生產總值增長。
  • 惡意使用的威脅:在網絡攻擊或其他惡意活動中濫用 AI,可能會削弱公眾信任,並因增加的安全成本而抵銷生產力的提升。

成功轉型的策略建議

為應對這些挑戰,OECD 為政府和企業概述了一項雙軌策略:

  • For Governments:Create a supportive ecosystem by investing in digital infrastructure and STEM education, updating labor laws to facilitate human-AI collaboration, and ensuring frontier AI models are accessible to foster global competitiveness.
  • 對企業的建議:不能僅止於導入 AI 工具。成功需要對數據基礎設施進行輔助性投資、對工作流程進行根本性的重塑,以及致力於提升員工的人機協作技能。

結論

OECD 的報告提出了一項明確的策略性綱領:AI 驅動的生產力革命已觸手可及,但需要審慎的行動。今日能積極投資於必要的基礎設施、技能和策略框架的國家與企業,將最有能力掌握未來的經濟動能。

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