OECD 預測 G7 國家將迎來 AI 驅動的生產力大爆發,並點出關鍵挑戰
經濟合作暨發展組織(OECD)的一份里程碑式報告預測,
成長引擎:自動化知識型工作
此轉型的首要驅動力,是 AI 在自動化例行任務方面的能力,尤其是在資訊科技、
邁向 AI 驅動經濟之路上的主要障礙
OECD 明確指出,實現這些效益的道路充滿挑戰:
- 國際間的採用差距:報告預測 G7 國家之間的 AI 採用率將存在顯著差異。預計到 2034 年,美國、加拿大、英國和德國的採用率將達到 30-60%,而法國、義大利和日本可能落後,採用率介於 15-50% 之間。此差距可能限制整體的宏觀經濟效益。
- 成長不均的風險:報告警告需警惕「鮑莫爾成本病」(
Baumol’s Growth Disease),即生產力增長仍集中在少數高科技產業。 如果其他行業未能整合 AI,這可能會削弱整體的國內生產總值增長。 - 惡意使用的威脅:在網絡攻擊或其他惡意活動中濫用 AI,可能會削弱公眾信任,
並因增加的安全成本而抵銷生產力的提升。
成功轉型的策略建議
為應對這些挑戰,OECD 為政府和企業概述了一項雙軌策略:
- For Governments:Create a supportive ecosystem by investing in digital infrastructure and STEM education, updating labor laws to facilitate human-AI collaboration, and ensuring frontier AI models are accessible to foster global competitiveness.
- 對企業的建議:不能僅止於導入 AI 工具。成功需要對數據基礎設施進行輔助性投資、
對工作流程進行根本性的重塑, 以及致力於提升員工的人機協作技能。
結論
OECD 的報告提出了一項明確的策略性綱領:AI 驅動的生產力革命已觸手可及,但需要審慎的行動。
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