{"id":60816,"date":"2022-12-21T15:38:07","date_gmt":"2022-12-21T07:38:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/version-2.com\/?p=60816"},"modified":"2024-09-13T16:31:51","modified_gmt":"2024-09-13T08:31:51","slug":"backup-strategy-and-the-3-2-1-principle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/version-2.com\/en\/2022\/12\/backup-strategy-and-the-3-2-1-principle\/","title":{"rendered":"Backup Strategy and the 3-2-1 Principle"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Data loss comes in all sizes: small (individual files), medium (SharePoint site), and large (ransomware and disaster recovery). No matter the size of the loss of data, none of them are fun, and even the smallest of data loss events could leave you lacking your most critical data.\n\nThat one spreadsheet or that one hard disk drive could have what you and your business rely on most \u2013 it\u2019s not always something someone can \u201cjust create again\u201d on a whim as data loss is indiscriminate in its impact.\n\nAll data loss events negatively impact workflow, and all are risk and data protection concerns that ultimately are a business imperative. Proactive data protection through backup and data management is at the forefront of all of our minds\u2014or at least should be. Now why is that?\n\nYears ago, the assumption prevailed that cloud services would \u201ctake care of everything\u201d once you signed up for a cloud service, with backup being lumped in. But now, more than ever, as the awareness of shared responsibility models for SaaS applications grows which states it is the user who is responsible, it’s clear the onus is on you to have that backup strategy in place.\n\nThat\u2019s why the 3-2-1 backup rule\u2014a principle established for on-premises infrastructure which requires multiple copies of backup data on different devices and in separate locations\u2014is still relevant to today\u2019s cloud-based infrastructures by providing essential data-protection guidelines.\n\n<\/section>
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Why Back Up Cloud SaaS Data, and Why Now?<\/b><\/h4>\nYour data is critical to your business operations, and in many cases, maintaining control of and access to it is required by law. (Read more about how third-party security keeps companies in control of their data here<\/a>.)\n\n<\/section>
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SaaS Shared Responsibility Model<\/h4>\nSoftware-as-a-service providers have established documentation that clarifies the areas of responsibilities they have and also those responsibilities that are retained by the customer.\n\nMicrosoft, well known for its Microsoft 365 SaaS offering, delineates the boundaries of shared responsibility in the cloud<\/a>.\n\n\n\nWhile Microsoft does provide some degree of data protection, many people are not aware of the limitations of this protection. The short of it is that Microsoft does not provide suitable backup and restore functionality to customers. Learn more about why your M365 is not backed up (and how to fix it) in our in-depth article here<\/a>.\n\n<\/section>
And it\u2019s not only Microsoft that has a shared responsibility for their SaaS services.\n\nGoogle (and backup files to Google drive) has what they refer to, almost ominously, as \u201cshared fate\u201d on Google cloud shared responsibilities<\/a>.\n\nLikewise, Amazon Web Services (AWS) have their own shared responsibility model<\/a>. It\u2019s vital customers know and understand the extent of their agreement.\n\n<\/section>
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Risks to Data Security<\/h4>\nIn the days of on-premises backup, the only credible risks were acts of mother nature and hardware failure.\n\nThat is, of course, if you ignore software issues. Lots of software (from firmware on RAID adapters to drivers to operating system filesystem implementations and the user applications) problems would cause data loss and a need for restore, from system level down to file level. (That\u2019s one thing I don\u2019t miss about the \u201890s.)\n\nHowever, in the cloud-computing era, the risks have evolved as much as the ways in which we create, share, and store data, so things are much more complicated now.\n\nWith both the prevalence and penetration of ransomware, cybercrime, and not to mention the increased access users have in order to streamline collaboration interactions and boost productivity, data\u2014the lifeblood of a company\u2014has, in many ways, never been more susceptible to data loss, regardless of whether it\u2019s international (malicious actors, ransomware, etc.) or unintentional (human error, accidental deletion).\n\nSometimes going back to basics can be the place to start in developing or hardening security.\n\n<\/section>
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3-2-1 Backup Method <\/b><\/h4>\nThe 3-2-1 principle comes from the days of on-premises data storage. It is still commonly referenced today in the modern, cloud-computing area.\n\nEven though it isn\u2019t directly applicable, word for word, to cloud data, this well-known and widely used principle can still be used today to guide security decision makers in their process of improving their security infrastructure against today\u2019s data risks.\n\n\n\n<\/section>
Roughly speaking, the 3-2-1 backup rule requires 3 copies of data, across two types of storage media, with one off-site copy stored.\n\n<\/section>
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What Is the Origin of the 3-2-1 Rule?<\/h4>\nBackup and recovery solutions have existed since long before cloud computing. However, the methodologies have shifted due to the modernization of the infrastructures, behaviors, needs, and of course a lot more variables (but we won\u2019t get into that here), which has resulted in some discrepancies between best-practice principles and their application to modern data infrastructures.\n\nThis is also the case with the 3-2-1 backup rule, with the biggest change being the shift of how data is created and stored (or rather where).\n\nFormerly, production data was created on site and stored in on-premises hardware, alongside one backup copy, and the third being stored off premises and typically on tapes. ComputerWeekly has a feature on if the cloud has made 3-2-1 obsolete<\/a>.\n\nIn the cloud era, data is created in numerous places by remote workers in SaaS applications, where it is often transferred around the globe, and is stored \u201csomewhere else\u201d from a business\u2019s physical office. More than likely, the extent of an answer to the question of \u201cwhere is your data stored\u201d is that it\u2019s in the cloud. But is that backup? And what is true backup<\/a> in the cloud?\n\n<\/section>
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How Does the Rule Apply to Cloud Backup?<\/h4>\nWe often see iterations of this backup principle in fancy infographics that almost forget to translate the rules to apply to the current scenarios. However, with a few tweaks, there\u2019s plenty of relevant guidance that can help lead to a successful, modern, data security system.\n\n\n\n<\/section>
Let\u2019s look at the rules with a modern lens:\n\n<\/section>
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3 Copies of Your Data<\/h4>\nThe \u20183\u2019 in the rule refers to the number of \u201ccopies of your data,\u201d with one being the primary dataset in the production environment while the remaining two copies are backups. This is still applicable to modern data protection best practices.\n\n<\/section>
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2 Administrative Domains<\/h4>\nAs mentioned, the \u20182\u2019 can be understood as \u201ctwo administrative domains\u201d so that copies are managed independently from the other or are stored within separate logical environments. You often see this written as \u201ctwo types of media,\u201d which is a relic from the on-prem past when it was made up of disks and tapes.\n\nNow, it\u2019s about having copies across multiple disks and across two administrative\u00a0domains so that one data-loss event cannot possibly\u2014or is extremely unlikely to\u2014impact all copies of the data. This is known as a logical gap.\n\nWithout it, should there be a cloud-wide compromise (such as a breach)\u00a0or data loss event of the cloud where your primary data lives, your data would not be available to you.\n\nOne of the best-known examples of this is the Danish shipping giant Maersk and the infamous NotPetya cyberattack, dubbed \u201cthe most devastating cyberattack in history\u201d in the full Wired story here<\/a>.\n\nWhen working \u201cin\u201d the cloud, the building you are in isn\u2019t of any real consequence to the data. Rather, it\u2019s the cloud you are working in and storing data in that matters. In many regards, this step could envelop the step below, \u201c1 copy external,\u201d but in respect to the principle, it serves us here to keep it a separate consideration.\n\nShould there be a cloud-wide compromise or data loss event of the cloud where your primary data lives, your data would still be available to you by following the rule. Without doing so, you\u2019ve lost access to your data (or even lost your data permanently), with an impact that has a massive potential for business disruption and costs\u00a0(as in the case of Maersk).\n\n<\/section>
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1 Copy External<\/h4>\nFormerly the ‘1 off-site storage copy,’ this still applies for the same reasons as it did in the past: You don\u2019t want to store all of your data in the same exact location, and whether all are aware or not, the cloud is located in physical data centers.\n\nFrom the on-premises days, this meant literally having a copy of disks and\/or tapes in a different location from your business in case someone, something, or some event with the power to destroy the building did so. Let\u2019s call this the \u201cin case of fire\u201d step.\n\nIn cloud computing, this means having a backup copy outside the cloud of the production environment and outside the administrative domain of the other backup. Remember, the cloud is \u2018just\u2019 physical data centers, so by working in the cloud, the centers you are storing your data in are of real importance to the data.\n\nWhat if the data center of the cloud you are working in is also the same data center that your backup cloud data is stored in? Should there be a data loss event at that center, all of your data would be at risk from that event. That\u2019s bad.\n\n<\/section>
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Use Case: What would this look like in real life?<\/h4>\nIf, for example, you are working on a Microsoft Word document and you save it to OneDrive that has OneDrive Backup turned on, you\u2019re totally protected, because it says \u201cbackup,\u201d right? This is an example where the 3-2-1 principle still helps shed light on modern data protection in the cloud.\n\nBy following the 3-2-1 rule above, one can deduct that this example isn\u2019t backup (but neither is a lot of what SaaS providers offer as \u2018backup\u2019) because true backup requires a logical infrastructure separate from the primary data.\n\nAs the \u201cin case of fire\u201d step requires, you must have one copy outside of the administrative domain. By working in and backing up OneDrive data to Microsoft\u2019s cloud services, the data remains in the same administrative domain.\n\nWhat if something were to happen to Microsoft servers? You\u2019d lose access to your primary data and the copies \u201cbacked up\u201d since they all relied on the same cloud.\n\nWhat\u2019s even worse\u00a0is that since the backup is configured by \u201cyou\u201d (i.e., the admin), a compromise of your account can unconfigure it, too. So, a simple case of ransomware could completely and automatically disable or work around such in-service protections\u2014even leading to immediate backup data deletion.\n\nKeepit, on the other hand \u2013 aside from being separate (and therefore unlikely to be compromised at the same time by the same mechanism), as a dedicated backup solution \u2013 will actually protect even the administrator from quickly or immediately deleting backup data.\n\nIn this respect, Keepit offers some of the most desirable features of \u201cthe tape in an off-site vault\u201d in a modern cloud service solution.\n\n<\/section>
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Here\u2019s how to use the 3-2-1 backup rule to ensure you\u2019re covered: Independent cloud<\/b><\/h4>\nIf you\u2019re interested in further reading, check out our e-Guide on SaaS data security<\/a> for a thorough look into leading SaaS data security methodologies and how companies can raise the bar for their data protection in the cloud era.\n\nConvinced you need backup, but want to know more about data protection and management for your particular SaaS application, then explore how Keepit offers cloud data backup coverage for the main SaaS applications here<\/a>.\n\n<\/section>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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About Version 2 Digital<\/h3>

Version 2 Digital is one of the most dynamic IT companies in Asia. The company distributes a wide range of IT products across various areas including cyber security, cloud, data protection, end points, infrastructures, system monitoring, storage, networking, business productivity and communication products.\n

\nThrough an extensive network of channels, point of sales, resellers, and partnership companies, Version 2 offers quality products and services which are highly acclaimed in the market. Its customers cover a wide spectrum which include Global 1000 enterprises, regional listed companies, different vertical industries, public utilities, Government, a vast number of successful SMEs, and consumers in various Asian cities.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t

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About Keepit<\/strong>
At Keepit, we believe in a digital future where all software is delivered as a service. Keepit\u2019s mission is to protect data in the cloud Keepit is a software company specializing in Cloud-to-Cloud data backup and recovery. Deriving from +20 year experience in building best-in-class data protection and hosting services, Keepit is pioneering the way to secure and protect cloud data at scale.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Data loss comes in all sizes: small (individual files), […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":148637484,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[853,488,61],"tags":[854,489],"class_list":["post-60816","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-keepit","category-488","category-press-release","tag-keepit","tag-489"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBackup Strategy and the 3-2-1 Principle - Version 2<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.keepit.com\/blog\/3-2-1-backup-rule\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Backup Strategy and the 3-2-1 Principle - 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